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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Additional haplogroups of Toxoplasma gondii out of Africa: Population structure and mouse-virulence of strains from Gabon
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 4, No. 11, Article e876, Year 2010
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Description
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is found worldwide, but distribution of its genotypes as well as clinical expression of human toxoplasmosis varies across the continents. Several studies in Europe, North America and South America argued for a role of genotypes in the clinical expression of human toxoplasmosis. Genetic data concerning T. gondii isolates from Africa are scarce and not sufficient to investigate the population structure, a fundamental analysis for a better understanding of distribution, circulation, and transmission. Methodology/Principal Findings: Seropositive animals originating from urban and rural areas in Gabon were analyzed for T. gondii isolation and genotyping. Sixty-eight isolates, including one mixed infection (69 strains), were obtained by bioassay in mice. Genotyping was performed using length polymorphism of 13 microsatellite markers located on 10 different chromosomes. Results were analyzed in terms of population structure by Bayesian statistical modeling, Neighbor-joining trees reconstruction based on genetic distances, FST and linkage disequilibrium. A moderate genetic diversity was detected. Three haplogroups and one single genotype clustered 27 genotypes. The majority of strains belonged to one haplogroup corresponding to the worldwide Type III. The remaining strains were distributed into two haplogroups (Africa 1 and 3) and one single genotype. Mouse virulence at isolation was significantly different between haplogroups. Africa 1 haplogroup was the most virulent. Conclusion: Africa 1 and 3 haplogroups were proposed as being new major haplogroups of T. gondii circulating in Africa. A possible link with strains circulating in South and Central America is discussed. Analysis of population structure demonstrated a local spread within a rural area and strain circulation between the main cities of the country. This circulation, favored by human activity could lead to genetic exchanges. For the first time, key epidemiological questions were addressed for the West African T. gondii population, using the high discriminatory power of microsatellite markers, thus creating a basis for further epidemiological and clinical investigations. © 2010 Mercier et al.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2970538/bin/pntd.0000876.s001.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2970538/bin/pntd.0000876.s002.tif
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2970538/bin/pntd.0000876.s003.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2970538/bin/pntd.0000876.s004.doc
Authors & Co-Authors
Mercier, Aurélien
France, Limoges
Institut D’epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale
Devillard, Sébastien
France, Villeurbanne
Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive
Ngoubangoye, Barthélémy
Gabon, Franceville
Centre de Primatologie
Bonnabau, Henri
France, Limoges
Chu de Limoges
Anne-Laure, Bañuls Laure
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Durand, Patrick
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Salle, Bettina
Gabon, Franceville
Centre de Primatologie
Ajzenberg, Daniel
France, Limoges
Institut D’epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale
France, Limoges
Hopital Dupuytren
Dardé, Marie Laure
France, Limoges
Institut D’epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale
France, Limoges
Hopital Dupuytren
Statistics
Citations: 136
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000876
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Gabon