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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Risk factors for typhoid fever in a slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Epidemiology and Infection, Volume 135, No. 3, Year 2007
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Description
We systematically investigated risk factors for typhoid fever in Kamalapur, a poor urban area of Bangladesh, to inform targeted public health measures for its control. We interviewed patients with typhoid fever and two age-matched controls per case about exposures during the 14 days before the onset of illness. The municipal water supply was used by all 41 cases and 81of 82 controls. In multivariate analysis, drinking unboiled water at home was a significant risk factor [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 12.1, 95% CI 2.2-65.6]. Twenty-three (56%) cases and 21 (26%) controls reported that water from the primary source was foul-smelling (aOR 7.4, 95% CI 2.1-25.4). Eating papaya was associated with illness (aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2-22.2). Using a latrine for defecation was significantly protective (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02-0.9). Improved chlorination of the municipal water supply or disinfecting drinking water at the household level may dramatically reduce the risk of typhoid fever in Kamalapur. The protective effect of using latrines, particularly among young children, should be investigated further. © 2006 Cambridge University Press.
Authors & Co-Authors
Ram, Pavani Kalluri
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
United States, Albany
State University of new York System
Naheed, Aliya
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Brooks, W. Abdullah
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Hossain, Mohammad Anowar
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Mintz, Eric Daniel
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Breiman, Robert F.
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Luby, Stephen P.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Statistics
Citations: 85
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1017/S0950268806007114
ISSN:
14694409
Research Areas
Environmental
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Case-Control Study