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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Assessment of tobacco dependence in waterpipe smokers in Egypt
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Volume 16, No. 1, Year 2012
Notification
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Description
SETTING: Waterpipe smoking is increasing worldwide. Nevertheless, little is known about nicotine dependence in tobacco smokers who use waterpipes. OBJECTIVE: To assess evidence of dependence among non-cigarette smoking waterpipe smokers in Egypt. METHODS: A total of 154 male exclusive current waterpipe smokers were enrolled for the present study. We adapted the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence and the Reasons for Smoking (RFS) scales and related these to smoking behavior. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 47 ± 14 years, the mean age at smoking initiation was 22 ± 9 years, and average daily consumption was 4 ± 8 hagars (tobacco units). The time to the first smoke of the day (P < 0.001), smoking even when ill (P = 0.003), time to tobacco craving (P < 0.001), and hating to give up the first smoke of the day (P = 0.033) were each significantly associated with the number of hagars smoked per day. The RFS subscales of addictive smoking, smoking to relieve negative affect, and smoking for stimulation were also associated with these variables. CONCLUSION: The overall findings suggest that waterpipe smokers exhibit many of the same features of nicotine dependency attributed to cigarette smokers. © 2012 The Union.
Authors & Co-Authors
Auf, Rehab
Egypt, Cairo
Ain Shams University
Radwan, Ghada Nasr
Egypt, Cairo
Faculty of Medicine
Egypt, Cairo
The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Loffredo, Christopher A.
United States, Washington, D.c.
Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center
El-Setouhy, M.
Egypt, Cairo
Ain Shams University
Israel, Ebenezer
United States, Baltimore
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Mohamed, Mostafa K.
Egypt, Cairo
Ain Shams University
Egypt, Cairo
Faculty of Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 42
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.5588/ijtld.11.0457
ISSN:
10273719
Research Areas
Substance Abuse
Study Locations
Egypt
Participants Gender
Male