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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics
Distinguishing the cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) from its structural isomer 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB)
Toxicon, Volume 56, No. 6, Year 2010
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Description
The cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) has been associated with certain forms of progressive neurodegenerative disease, including sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Reports of BMAA in cyanobacterial blooms from lakes, reservoirs, and other water resources continue to be made by investigators in a variety of laboratories. Recently it was suggested that during analysis BMAA may be confused with its structural isomer 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB), or that current detection methods may mistake other compounds for BMAA. We here review the evidence that BMAA can be consistently and reliably separated from 2,4-DAB during reversed-phase HPLC, and that BMAA can be confidently distinguished from 2,4-DAB during triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS analysis by i) different retention times, ii) diagnostic product ions resulting from collision-induced dissociation, and iii) consistent ratios between selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions. Furthermore, underivatized BMAA can be separated from 2,4-DAB with an amino acid analyzer with post-column visualization using ninhydrin. Other compounds that may be theoretically confused with BMAA during chloroformate derivatization during GC analysis are distinguished due to their different retention times. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Banack, Sandra Anne
United States, Jackson
Institute for Ethnomedicine
Downing, Timothy Grant
South Africa, Gqeberha
Nelson Mandela University
Spacil, Zdenek
Czech Republic, Hradec Kralove
Univerzita Karlova, Farmaceutická Fakulta V Hradci Králové
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Purdie, E. L.
United Kingdom, Dundee
University of Dundee
Metcalf, James S.
United States, Jackson
Institute for Ethnomedicine
Downing, Simoné
South Africa, Gqeberha
Nelson Mandela University
Esterhuizen, M.
South Africa, Gqeberha
Nelson Mandela University
Codd, Geoffreya A.
United Kingdom, Dundee
University of Dundee
Cox, Paul Alan
United States, Jackson
Institute for Ethnomedicine
Statistics
Citations: 62
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.06.006
ISSN:
00410101
Research Areas
Environmental