Intelligent hybrid energy system and grid integration using microcontrollers

This study uses a fuel cell system with backup batteries coupled to renewable energy sources with intelligent control. The system developed for this research is built on a battery bank for energy storage and a fuel cell stack for energy generation, with a microcontroller regulating each component's operation. The microcontroller detects the associated load and directs the battery bank and fuel cell stack to operate in accordance with the demands of the load. The electric grid is connected to this system, which smooths out the provided power's variability while regulating the voltage and frequency. An AVR microcontroller, DC connections, converters, and inverters are the main parts of the system in this work, and they coordinate the power flow schemes for the DC-DC and DC-AC sides. To demonstrate the power flow and control system functions, as well as the overall system's power management, a MATLAB simulation is used.