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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Mapping urban malaria and diarrhea mortality in accra, ghana: Evidence of vulnerabilities and implications for urban health policy
Journal of Urban Health, Volume 89, No. 6, Year 2012
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Description
Historic increase in urban population numbers in the face of shrinking urban economies and declining social services has meant that a large proportion of the urban population lives in precarious urban conditions, which provide the grounds for high urban health risks in low income countries. This study aims to identify, investigate, and contrast the spatial patterns of vulnerability and risk of two major causes of mortality, viz malaria and diarrhea mortalities, in order to optimize resource allocation for effective urban environmental management and improvement in urban health. A spatial cluster analysis of the observed urban malaria and diarrhea mortalities for the whole city of Accra was conducted. We obtained routinely reported mortality data for the period 1998-2002 from the Ghana Vital Registration System (VRS), computed the fraction of deaths due to malaria and diarrhea at the census cluster level, and analyzed and visualized the data with Geographic Information System (GIS, ArcMap 9.3.1). Regions of identified hotspots, cold spots, and excess mortalities were observed to be associated with some socioeconomic and neighborhood urban environmental conditions, suggesting uneven distribution of risk factors for both urban malaria and diarrhea in areas of rapid urban transformation. Case-control and/or longitudinal studies seeking to understand the individual level factors which mediate socioenvironmental conditions in explaining the observed excess urban mortalities and to establish the full range of risk factors might benefit from initial vulnerability mapping and excess risk analysis using geostatistical approaches. This is key to evidence-based urban health policy reforms in rapidly urbanizing areas in low income economies. © 2012 The New York Academy of Medicine.
Authors & Co-Authors
Fobil, Julius Najah
Germany, Hamburg
Bernhard Nocht Institut Fur Tropenmedizin Hamburg
Germany, Bielefeld
Universität Bielefeld
Ghana, Accra
University of Ghana
Levers, Christian
Germany, Berlin
Humboldt-universität zu Berlin
Lakes, Tobia M.
Germany, Berlin
Humboldt-universität zu Berlin
Loag, Wibke
Germany, Hamburg
Bernhard Nocht Institut Fur Tropenmedizin Hamburg
Kraemer, Alexander
Germany, Bielefeld
Universität Bielefeld
May, Juergen ü.
Germany, Hamburg
Bernhard Nocht Institut Fur Tropenmedizin Hamburg
Statistics
Citations: 46
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1007/s11524-012-9702-x
e-ISSN:
14682869
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study
Study Locations
Ghana