Skip to content
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
chemical engineering
Utilization of waste cockle shell (Anadara granosa) in biodiesel production from palm olein: Optimization using response surface methodology
Fuel, Volume 90, No. 7, Year 2011
Notification
URL copied to clipboard!
Description
The cockle shell, which is available in abundance, has no any eminent use and is commonly regarded as a waste, was utilized as a source of calcium oxide in catalyzing a transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel (methyl esters). A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the two major influential reaction variables: catalyst and methanol amount towards purity and yield of methyl esters. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the catalyst has a positive influence on purity but negative on the yield. Meanwhile, the methanol/oil mass ratio showed a positive effect on both purity and yield. Using CCD, the optimum reaction conditions were found to be 4.9 wt.% of catalyst and 0.54:1 methanol/oil mass ratio. The prepared catalyst was capable of being reused under the suggested optimal conditions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Boey, Peng Lim
Malaysia, Minden
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Maniam, Gaanty Pragas
Malaysia, Minden
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abd Hamid, Shafida
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
International Islamic University Malaysia
Ali, Dafaalla Mohamed Hag
Malaysia, Minden
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Sudan, Khartoum
Sudan University of Science and Technology
Statistics
Citations: 182
Authors: 4
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.002
ISSN:
00162361