Laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies in children: Clinical presentations and complications

Introduction: Foreign-body (FB) aspiration in the airway of children is a life-threatening clinical situation responsible for many deaths each year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different clinical presentations, methods of diagnosis, types and complications of FB inhalation in the pediatric age group. Materials and Methods: The study included patients who presented with a definitive or suspicious history of FB aspiration. Detailed data for each patient were recorded concerning the age, sex, nature and site of the FB, presenting symptoms and signs, and radiological findings. Results: Fifty-six patients were enrolled in this study. The age of patients ranged from 6 months to 14 years, with a mean age of 4.5 years. Sixty percent of patients were under 3 years of age. The time interval between aspiration of foreign body and onset of diagnosis ranged from 2 hours to 5 months. Thirty-four (60.7%) patients had normal chest X-ray findings, while opaque FB was seen in eight patients (14.3%). Signs of bronchitis were seen in five patients (9%), while pneumonia and atelectasis were seen in six (10.7%) and three cases (5.3%), respectively. Conclusion: FB aspiration is a life-threatening clinical situation, with children >3 years of age being most commonly affected. FB aspiration must be considered a matter of emergency, especially in the case of organic FBs. This study aimed to increase the awareness of laryngo-tracheo-bronchial FBs, as early diagnosis and management decrease the incidence of complications and make removal of aspirated FB easier.