Skip to content
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are elevated in B cell deficiency and reduce risk of severe COVID-19
Science Translational Medicine, Volume 15, No. 724, Article eadh4529, Year 2023
Notification
URL copied to clipboard!
Description
Individuals with primary and pharmacologic B cell deficiencies have high rates of severe disease and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the immune responses and clinical outcomes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination have yet to be fully defined. Here, we evaluate the cellular immune responses after both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients receiving the anti-CD20 therapy rituximab (RTX) and those with low B cell counts due to common variable immune deficiency (CVID) disease. Assessment of effector and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 revealed elevated reactivity and proliferative capacity after both infection and vaccination in B cell–deficient individuals, particularly within the CD8+ T cell compartment, in comparison with healthy controls. Evaluation of clinical outcomes demonstrates that vaccination of RTX-treated individuals was associated with about 4.8-fold reduced odds of moderate or severe COVID-19 in the absence of vaccine-induced antibodies. Analysis of T cell differentiation demonstrates that RTX administration increases the relative frequency of naïve CD8+ T cells, potentially by depletion of CD8+CD20dim T cells, which are primarily of an effector memory or terminal effector memory (TEMRA) phenotype. However, this also leads to a reduction in preexisting antiviral T cell immunity. Collectively, these data indicate that individuals with B cell deficiencies have enhanced T cell immunity after both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination that potentially accounts for reduced hospitalization and severe disease from subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Naranbhai, Vivek
United States, Boston
Massachusetts General Hospital
South Africa, Congella
Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa
Australia, Clayton
Monash University
Nathan, Anusha
United States, Cambridge
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
United States, Boston
Harvard Medical School
Tano-Menka, Rhoda
United States, Cambridge
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Gayton, Alton C.
United States, Cambridge
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Getz, Matthew A.
United States, Cambridge
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Senjobe, Fernando
United States, Cambridge
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Iafrate, Anthony John
United States, Boston
Massachusetts General Hospital
Montesi, Sydney B.
United States, Boston
Massachusetts General Hospital
Rao, Deepak A.
United States, Boston
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Sparks, Jeffrey Andrew
United States, Boston
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Wallace, Zachary Scott
United States, Boston
Massachusetts General Hospital
Farmer, Jocelyn R.
United States, Cambridge
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
United States, Boston
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Walker, Bruce D.
United States, Cambridge
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
South Africa, Congella
Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa
United States, Cambridge
Broad Institute
United States, Chevy Chase
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Charles, Richelle C.
United States, Boston
Massachusetts General Hospital
Gaiha, Gaurav Das
United States, Cambridge
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
United States, Boston
Massachusetts General Hospital
Statistics
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1126/scitranslmed.adh4529
ISSN:
19466234
Research Areas
Covid