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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Dietary mineral supplies in Africa
Physiologia Plantarum, Volume 151, No. 3, Year 2014
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Description
Dietary micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) are widespread, yet their prevalence can be difficult to assess. Here, we estimate MND risks due to inadequate intakes for seven minerals in Africa using food supply and composition data, and consider the potential of food-based and agricultural interventions. Food Balance Sheets (FBSs) for 46 countries were integrated with food composition data to estimate per capita supply of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), and also phytate. Deficiency risks were quantified using an estimated average requirement (EAR) 'cut-point' approach. Deficiency risks are highest for Ca (54% of the population), followed by Zn (40%), Se (28%) and I (19%, after accounting for iodized salt consumption). The risk of Cu (1%) and Mg (<1%) deficiency are low. Deficiency risks are generally lower in the north and west of Africa. Multiple MND risks are high in many countries. The population-weighted mean phytate supply is 2770mg capita-1 day-1. Deficiency risks for Fe are lower than expected (5%). However, 'cut-point' approaches for Fe are sensitive to assumptions regarding requirements; e.g. estimates of Fe deficiency risks are 43% under very low bioavailability scenarios consistent with high-phytate, low-animal protein diets. Fertilization and breeding strategies could greatly reduce certain MNDs. For example, meeting HarvestPlus breeding targets for Zn would reduce dietary Zn deficiency risk by 90% based on supply data. Dietary diversification or direct fortification is likely to be needed to address Ca deficiency risks. © 2013 The Authors. Physiologia Plantarum published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.
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Authors & Co-Authors
Joy, Edward J.M.
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
United Kingdom, Nottingham
British Geological Survey
Ander, E. Louise
United Kingdom, Nottingham
British Geological Survey
Young, Scott D.
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Black, Colin Ramsay
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Watts, Michael J.
United Kingdom, Nottingham
British Geological Survey
Chilimba, Allan D.C.
Malawi, Mzuzu
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security
Chilima, Ben Z.
Malawi, Lilongwe
Ministry of Health Malawai
Siyame, Edwin W.P.
Malawi, Lilongwe
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Kalimbira, Alexander A.
Malawi, Lilongwe
Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Hurst, Rachel
United Kingdom, Norwich
University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School
Fairweather-Tait, Susan J.
United Kingdom, Norwich
University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School
Stein, Alexander J.
United States, Washington, D.c.
International Food Policy Research Institute
Gibson, Rosalind Susan
New Zealand, Dunedin
University of Otago
White, Philip J.
United Kingdom, Aberdeen
The James Hutton Institute
Broadley, Martin R.
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
Statistics
Citations: 182
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/ppl.12144
ISSN:
00319317
e-ISSN:
13993054
Research Areas
Food Security
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study