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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Blood cadmium, mercury, and lead in children: An international comparison of cities in six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco
Environment International, Volume 41, No. 1, Year 2012
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Description
Children's blood-lead concentration (B-Pb) is well studied, but little is known about cadmium (B-Cd) and mercury (B-Hg), in particular for central Europe. Such information is necessary for risk assessment and management. Therefore, we here describe and compare B-Pb, B-Cd and B-Hg in children in six European, and three non-European cities, and identify determinants of these exposures. About 50 school children (7-14. years) from each city were recruited (totally 433) in 2007-2008. Interview and questionnaire data were obtained. A blood sample was analyzed: only two laboratories with strict quality control were used. The European cities showed only minor differences for B-Cd (geometric means 0.11-0.17μg/L) and B-Pb (14-20μg/L), but larger for B-Hg (0.12-0.94μg/L). Corresponding means for the non-European countries were 0.21-0.26, 32-71, and 0.3-3.2μg/L, respectively. For B-Cd in European samples, traffic intensity close to home was a statistically significant determinant, for B-Hg fish consumption and amalgam fillings, and for B-Pb sex (boys higher). This study shows that European city children's B-Cd and B-Pb vary only little between countries; B-Hg differs considerably, due to varying tooth restoration practices and fish intake. Traffic intensity seemed to be a determinant for B-Cd. The metal concentrations were low from a risk perspective but the chosen non-European cities showed higher concentrations than the cities in Europe. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Hrubá, Františka
Slovakia, Banska Bystrica
Regional Authority of Public Health
Sweden, Solna
Oskarsrogatan 5/2tr
Stro̊mberg, Ulf
Sweden, Lund
Skånes Universitetssjukhus
Černá, Milena
Czech Republic, Prague
Charles University
Chen, Chunying
China, Beijing
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Harari, Florencia
Ecuador, Quito
Institute for the Development of Production and Work Environment
Harari, Raúl E.
Ecuador, Quito
Institute for the Development of Production and Work Environment
Horvat, Milena
Slovenia, Ljubljana
Institut Jožef Stefan
Koppová, Kvetoslava
Slovakia, Banska Bystrica
Regional Authority of Public Health
Kos, Andreja
Croatia, Zagreb
Oikon Ltd. – Institute of Applied Ecology
Kršková, Andrea
Czech Republic, Prague
National Institute of Public Health Prague
Krsnik, Mladen
Slovenia, Ljubljana
Univerzitetni Klinični Center Ljubljana
Laamech, Jawhar
Morocco, Fez
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
Li, Yu-Feng
China, Beijing
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Löfmark, Lina
Sweden, Lund
Skånes Universitetssjukhus
Lundh, Thomas
Sweden, Lund
Skånes Universitetssjukhus
Lundström, Nils Göran
Sweden, Umea
Umeå Universitet
Lyoussi, Badiâa
Morocco, Fez
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
Mazej, Darja
Slovenia, Ljubljana
Institut Jožef Stefan
Osredkar, Joško
Slovenia, Ljubljana
Univerzitetni Klinični Center Ljubljana
Pawlas, Krystyna
Poland, Sosnowiec
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Pawlas, Natalia
Poland, Sosnowiec
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Prokopowicz, Adam
Poland, Sosnowiec
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Rentschler, Gerda
Sweden, Lund
Skånes Universitetssjukhus
Spěváčkov̀á, Věra
Czech Republic, Prague
National Institute of Public Health Prague
Špirić, Zdravko
Croatia, Zagreb
Oikon Ltd. – Institute of Applied Ecology
Snoj-Tratnik, Janja
Slovenia, Ljubljana
Institut Jožef Stefan
Skerfving, Staffan B.
Sweden, Lund
Skånes Universitetssjukhus
Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
Sweden, Umea
Umeå Universitet
Statistics
Citations: 119
Authors: 28
Affiliations: 13
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2011.12.001
Research Areas
Maternal And Child Health
Study Locations
Morocco
Participants Gender
Male