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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Human cytomegalovirus infant infection adversely affects growth and development in maternally HIV-exposed and unexposed infants in Zambia
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 54, No. 3, Year 2012
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Description
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) coinfections have been shown to increase infant morbidity, mortality, and AIDS progression. In HIV-endemic regions, maternal HIV-exposed but HIV-uninfected infants, which is the majority of children affected by HIV, also show poor growth and increased morbidity. Although nutrition has been examined, the effects of HCMV infection have not been evaluated. We studied the effects of HCMV infection on the growth, development, and health of maternally HIV-exposed and unexposed infants in Zambia. Methods. Infants were examined in a cohort recruited to a trial of micronutrient-fortified complementary foods. HIV-infected mothers and infants had received perinatal antiretroviral therapy to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. Growth, development, and morbidity were analyzed by linear regression analyses in relation to maternal HIV exposure and HCMV infection, as screened by sera DNA for viremia at 6 months of age and by antibody for infection at 18 months. Results. All HCMV-seropositive infants had decreased length-for-age by 18 months compared with seronegative infants (standard deviation [z]-score difference: -0.44 [95% confidence interval {CI}, -.72 to -.17]; P =. 002). In HIV-exposed infants, those who were HCMV positive compared with those who were negative, also had reduced head size (mean z-score difference: -0.72 [95% CI, -1.23 to -.22]; P =. 01) and lower psychomotor development (Bayley test score difference: -4.1 [95% CI, -7.8 to -.5]; P =. 03). HIV-exposed, HCMV-viremic infants were more commonly referred for hospital treatment than HCMV-negative infants. The effects of HCMV were unaffected by micronutrient fortification.Conclusion.HCMV affects child growth, development, and morbidity of African infants, particularly in those maternally exposed to HIV. HCMV is therefore a risk factor for child health in this region. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious.
Authors & Co-Authors
Gompels, Ursula A.
Unknown Affiliation
Larke, Natasha L.
Unknown Affiliation
Sanz-Ramos, M.
Unknown Affiliation
Bates, Matthew A.
Unknown Affiliation
Musonda, Kunda G.
Unknown Affiliation
Manno, Daniela
Unknown Affiliation
Siame, Joshua
Unknown Affiliation
Monze, Mwaka
Unknown Affiliation
Filteau, Suzanne M.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 106
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/cid/cir837
ISSN:
10584838
e-ISSN:
15376591
Research Areas
Food Security
Genetics And Genomics
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Study Locations
Zambia