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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Recent decline in suitable environmental conditions for African great apes
Diversity and Distributions, Volume 18, No. 11, Year 2012
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Description
Aim: To predict the distribution of suitable environmental conditions (SEC) for eight African great ape taxa for a first time period, the 1990s and then project it to a second time period, the 2000s; to assess the relative importance of factors influencing SEC distribution and to estimate rates of SEC loss, isolation and fragmentation over the last two decades. Location: Twenty-two African great ape range countries. Methods: We extracted 15,051 presence localities collected between 1995 and 2010 from 68 different areas surveyed across the African ape range. We combined a maximum entropy algorithm and logistic regression to relate ape presence information to environmental and human impact variables from the 1990s with a resolution of 5 × 5 km across the entire ape range. We then made SEC projections for the 2000s using updated human impact variables. Results: Total SEC area was approximately 2,015,480 and 1,807,653 km 2 in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively. Loss of predicted SEC appeared highest for Cross River gorillas (-59%), followed by eastern gorillas (-52%), western gorillas (-32%), bonobos (-29%), central chimpanzees (-17%) and western chimpanzees (-11%). SEC for Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees and eastern chimpanzees was not greatly reduced. Except for Cross River and eastern gorillas, the number of SEC patches did not change significantly, suggesting that SEC loss was caused mainly by patch size reduction. Main conclusions: The first continent-wide perspective of African ape SEC distribution shows dramatic declines in recent years. The model has clear limitations for use at small geographic scales, given the quality of available data and the coarse resolution of predictions. However, at the large scale it has potential for informing international policymaking, mitigation of resource extraction and infrastructure development, as well as for spatial prioritization of conservation effort and evaluating conservation effectiveness. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Junker, Jessica
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
Blake, Stephen
Germany, Pocking
Max-planck-institut Für Ornithologie
Boesch, Christophe
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
Germany, Leipzig
Wild Chimpanzee Foundation
Campbell, Geneviève
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
Toit, Louwrens du
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
Duvall, Chris S.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Ekobo, Atanga
Cameroon, Yaounde
World Wildlife Fund Central Africa Regional Programme Office
Etoga, Gilles
Cameroon, Yaounde
World Wildlife Fund Central Africa Regional Programme Office
Galat-Luong, Anh
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Gamys, Joel
Liberia, Monrovia
Conservation International
Ganas-Swaray, Jessica
United States, Milwaukee
Zoological Society of Milwaukee
Gatti, Sylvain
Ghana, Accra
West African Primate Conservation Action
Ghiurghi, Andrea
Italy, Rome
Agreco
Granier, Nicolas
Belgium, Liege
Université de Liège
Hart, John A.
Congo, Kinshasa
Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation
Head, Josephine S.
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
Herbinger, Ilka
Germany, Berlin
Wwf Germany
Hicks, Thurston Cleveland
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
Huijbregts, Bas
Gabon
Wwf Central Africa Regional Programme Office Carpo
Imong, Inaoyom S.
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
Kuempel, Noëlle
United Kingdom, London
Zoological Society of London
Lahm, Sally A.
Gabon, Libreville
Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale
Lindsell, Jeremy A.
United Kingdom, Bedford
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
Maisels, Fiona G.
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
United Kingdom, Stirling
University of Stirling
McLennan, Matthew R.
United Kingdom, Oxford
Oxford Brookes University
Martinez, Laura
South Korea, Seoul
Ewha Womans University
Morgan, Bethan J.
United States, San Diego
San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance
Morgan, David B.
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
United States, Chicago
Lincoln Park Zoo
Mulindahabi, Felix
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
Mundry, Roger
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
N'Goran, Kouamé Paul
Germany, Leipzig
Wild Chimpanzee Foundation
Cote D'ivoire, Abidjan
Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques Abidjan
Cote D'ivoire, Abidjan
Universite D'abobo-adjame
Normand, Emmanuelle
Germany, Leipzig
Wild Chimpanzee Foundation
Ntongho, Anne
Cameroon, Yaounde
World Wildlife Fund Central Africa Regional Programme Office
Okon, David Tiku
Cameroon, Yaounde
World Wildlife Fund Central Africa Regional Programme Office
Petre, Charles Albert
Belgium, Liege
Université de Liège
Plumptre, Andrew J.
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
Rainey, Hugo J.
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
Regnaut, Sébastien
Germany, Leipzig
Wild Chimpanzee Foundation
Sanz, Crickette M.
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
United States, St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis
Stokes, Emma J.
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
Tondossama, Adama
Cote D'ivoire, Abidjan
Office Ivoirien Des Parcs et Réserves
Tranquilli, Sandra
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
United Kingdom, London
University College London
Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline L.
Indonesia, Bogor
Center for International Forestry Research, West Java
Walsh, Peter D.
United Kingdom, Cambridge
University of Cambridge
Warren, Ymke
United States, New York
Wildlife Conservation Society
Williamson, Elizabeth A.
United Kingdom, Stirling
University of Stirling
Kühl, Hjalmar S.
Germany, Leipzig
Max-planck-institut Für Evolutionäre Anthropologie
Statistics
Citations: 162
Authors: 47
Affiliations: 30
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/ddi.12005
ISSN:
13669516
e-ISSN:
14724642
Study Locations
Cameroon
Nigeria