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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
The limits and intensity of Plasmodium falciparum transmission: Implications for malaria control and elimination worldwide
PLoS Medicine, Volume 5, No. 2, Year 2008
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Description
Background: The efficient allocation of financial resources for malaria control using appropriate combinations of interventions requires accurate information on the geographic distribution of malaria risk. An evidence-based description of the global range of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and its endemicity has not been assembled in almost 40 y. This paper aims to define the global geographic distribution of P. falciparum malaria in 2007 and to provide a preliminary description of its transmission intensity within this range. Methods and Findings: The global spatial distribution of P. falciparum malaria was generated using nationally reported case-incidence data, medical intelligence, and biological rules of transmission exclusion, using temperature and aridity limits informed by the bionomics of dominant Anopheles vector species. A total of 4,278 spatially unique cross-sectional survey estimates of P. falciparum parasite rates were assembled. Extractions from a population surface showed that 2.37 billion people lived in areas at any risk of P. falciparum transmission in 2007. Globally, almost 1 billion people lived under unstable, or extremely low, malaria risk. Almost all P. falciparum parasite rates above 50% were reported in Africa in a latitude band consistent with the distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Conditions of low parasite prevalence were also common in Africa, however. Outside of Africa, P. falciparum malaria prevalence is largely hypoendemic (less than 10%), with the median below 5% in the areas surveyed. Conclusions: This new map is a plausible representation of the current extent of P. falciparum risk and the most contemporary summary of the population at risk of P. falciparum malaria within these limits. For 1 billion people at risk of unstable malaria transmission, elimination is epidemiologically feasible, and large areas of Africa are more amenable to control than appreciated previously. The release of this information in the public domain will help focus future resources for P. falciparum malaria control and elimination. © 2008 Guerra et al.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2253602/bin/pmed.0050038.sd001.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2253602/bin/pmed.0050038.sd002.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2253602/bin/pmed.0050038.st001.doc
Authors & Co-Authors
Guerra, Carlos A.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Gikandi, Priscilla W.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Tatem, Andrew J.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Noor, Abdisalan Mohamed
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
United Kingdom, Oxford
John Radcliffe Hospital
Smith, David L.
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
Hay, Simon I.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Snow, Robert William
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
United Kingdom, Oxford
John Radcliffe Hospital
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
Statistics
Citations: 326
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pmed.0050038
ISSN:
15491676
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Quantitative