Skip to content
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low- and middle-income settings: A retrospective analysis of data from 145 countries
Tropical Medicine and International Health, Volume 19, No. 8, Year 2014
Notification
URL copied to clipboard!
Description
Objective: To estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases from exposure to inadequate water, sanitation and hand hygiene in low- and middle-income settings and provide an overview of the impact on other diseases. Methods: For estimating the impact of water, sanitation and hygiene on diarrhoea, we selected exposure levels with both sufficient global exposure data and a matching exposure-risk relationship. Global exposure data were estimated for the year 2012, and risk estimates were taken from the most recent systematic analyses. We estimated attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by country, age and sex for inadequate water, sanitation and hand hygiene separately, and as a cluster of risk factors. Uncertainty estimates were computed on the basis of uncertainty surrounding exposure estimates and relative risks. Results: In 2012, 502 000 diarrhoea deaths were estimated to be caused by inadequate drinking water and 280 000 deaths by inadequate sanitation. The most likely estimate of disease burden from inadequate hand hygiene amounts to 297 000 deaths. In total, 842 000 diarrhoea deaths are estimated to be caused by this cluster of risk factors, which amounts to 1.5% of the total disease burden and 58% of diarrhoeal diseases. In children under 5 years old, 361 000 deaths could be prevented, representing 5.5% of deaths in that age group. Conclusions: This estimate confirms the importance of improving water and sanitation in low- and middle-income settings for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease burden. It also underscores the need for better data on exposure and risk reductions that can be achieved with provision of reliable piped water, community sewage with treatment and hand hygiene. © 2014 The Authors. Tropical Medicine and International Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd..
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC4255749/bin/tmi0019-0894-SD1.docx
Authors & Co-Authors
Prüss-Üstün, Annette M.
Unknown Affiliation
Bartram, Jamie K.
Unknown Affiliation
Clasen, Thomas F.
Unknown Affiliation
Colford, John Matthew
Unknown Affiliation
Cumming, Oliver
Unknown Affiliation
Curtis, Val A.
Unknown Affiliation
Bonjour, Sophie
Unknown Affiliation
Dangour, Alan
Unknown Affiliation
De France, Jennifer
Unknown Affiliation
Fewtrell, Lorna
Unknown Affiliation
Freeman, Matthew Charles
Unknown Affiliation
Gordon, Bruce A.
Unknown Affiliation
Hunter, Paul R.
Unknown Affiliation
Johnston, Richard Bart
Unknown Affiliation
Mathers, Colin
Unknown Affiliation
Maeusezahl, Daniel
Unknown Affiliation
Medlicott, Kate
Unknown Affiliation
Neira, Maria Purificacion
Unknown Affiliation
Stocks, Meredith
Unknown Affiliation
Wolf, Jennyfer
Unknown Affiliation
Cairncross, Sandy
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 918
Authors: 21
Affiliations: 12
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/tmi.12329
ISSN:
13602276
e-ISSN:
13653156
Research Areas
Disability
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study