Vectors bionomics and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum P. malariae and P. ovale in a sudan savanna area of West Africa (Dielmo, Senegal)

From April 1990 to March 1992 a longitudinal entomological study was carried out in Dielmo village, Senegal, an area of Sudan-type savanna. Mosquitoes were sampled by night-bite collections and pyrethrum spray collections. Seven anopheles species were identified: An. gambiae s.s, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. pharoensis, An. rufipes, An. Squamosus and An. Ziemanni. Present throughout the year, An. Gambiae s.l. and An. funestus represented more than 98 % of anopheles captured on man. A yearly wave of An. gambiae s.l. was observed in the rainy season and An. funestus was generally more abundant in the dry season. The sporozoite rate was 1.5 % and 1.3%, respectively, for these two species. Sporozoite typing by monoclonal antibodies indicated that the proportion of infected salivary glands was 92.7 % P. falciparum, 18.2 % P. malariae and 8.2% P. ovale. The inoculation rate was calculated to be respectively 111, 21 and 8 infective bites per human for P. falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale during the first year. Transmission was highest in the second year, with respectively 272, 54 and 25 infective bites per human. © PRINCEPS Editions, Paris, 1994.