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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Rates of acquisition of pneumococcal colonization and transmission probabilities, by serotype, among newborn infants in Kilifi District, Kenya
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 55, No. 2, Year 2012
Notification
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Description
Background. Herd protection and serotype replacement disease following introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) are attributable to the vaccine's impact on colonization. Prior to vaccine introduction in Kenya, we did an epidemiological study to estimate the rate of pneumococcal acquisition, by serotype, in an uncolonized population. Methods. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were taken from newborns aged ≤7 days and weekly thereafter for 13 weeks. Parents, and siblings aged <10 years, were swabbed at monthly intervals. Swabs were transported in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerin and cultured on gentamicin blood agar. Pneumococci were serotyped by the Quellung reaction. We used survival analysis and Cox regression analysis to examine serotype-specific acquisition rates and risk factors and calculated transmission probabilities from the pattern of acquisitions within the family.Results.Of 1404 infants recruited, 887 were colonized by 3 months of age, with the earliest acquisition detected on the first day of life. The median time to acquisition was 38.5 days. The pneumococcal acquisition rate was 0.0189 acquisitions/day (95 confidence interval,. 0177-.0202 acquisitions/day). Serotype-specific acquisition rates varied from 0.00002-0.0025 acquisitions/day among 49 different serotypes. Season, coryza, and exposure to cigarettes, cooking fumes, and other children in the home were each significant risk factors for acquisition. The transmission probability per 30-day duration of contact with a carrier was 0.23 (95 CI,. 20-.26). Conclusions. Newborn infants in Kilifi have high rates of nasopharyngeal acquisition of pneumococci. Half of these acquisitions involve serotypes not included in any current vaccine. Several risk factors are modifiable through intervention. Newborns represent a consistent population of pneumococcus-naive individuals in which to estimate the impact of PCV on transmission. © 2012 The Author.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3381638/bin/supp_55_2_180__index.html
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3381638/bin/supp_cis371_cis371supp.pdf
Authors & Co-Authors
Tigoi, Caroline C.
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Gatakaa, Hellen W.
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Karani, Angela
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Mugo, Daisy
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Kungu, Stella
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Wanjiru, Eva
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Jomo, Jane
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Musyimi, Robert
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Ojal, John
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
Glass, Nina E.
United States, New York
Nyu Langone Health
Abdullahi, Osman A.
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Scott, John Anthony Gerard
Kenya, Nairobi
Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories Nairobi
United Kingdom, Oxford
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 61
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/cid/cis371
ISSN:
10584838
e-ISSN:
15376591
Research Areas
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Kenya