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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Approaching the Prevalence of the Full Spectrum of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in a South African Population-Based Study
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, Volume 37, No. 5, Year 2013
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Description
Background: The prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) were determined in this fourth study of first-grade children in a South African community. Methods: Active case ascertainment methods were employed among 747 first-grade pupils. The detailed characteristics of children within the continuum of FASD are contrasted with randomly selected, normal controls on (i) physical growth and dysmorphology; (ii) cognitive/behavioral characteristics; and (iii) maternal risk factors. Results: The rates of specific diagnoses within the FASD spectrum continue to be among the highest reported in any community in the world. The prevalence (per 1,000) is as follows: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)-59.3 to 91.0; partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS)-45.3 to 69.6; and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)-30.5 to 46.8. The overall rate of FASD is therefore 135.1 to 207.5 per 1,000 (or 13.6 to 20.9%). Clinical profiles of the physical and cognitive/behavioral traits of children with a specific FASD diagnosis and controls are provided for understanding the full spectrum of FASD in a community. The spectral effect is evident in the characteristics of the diagnostic groups and summarized by the total (mean) dysmorphology scores of the children: FAS = 18.9; PFAS = 14.3; ARND = 12.2; and normal controls, alcohol exposed = 8.2 and unexposed = 7.1. Documented drinking during pregnancy is significantly correlated with verbal (r = -0.253) and nonverbal ability (r = -0.265), negative behaviors (r = 0.203), and total dysmorphology score (r = 0.431). Other measures of drinking during pregnancy are significantly associated with FASD, including binge drinking as low as 3 drinks per episode on 2 days of the week. Conclusions: High rates of specific diagnoses within FASD were well documented in this new cohort of children. FASD persists in this community. The data reflect an increased ability to provide accurate and discriminating diagnoses throughout the continuum of FASD. © 2012 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
Authors & Co-Authors
May, Philip A.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Blankenship, Jason
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Marais, Anna Susan
South Africa, Cape Town
Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Phillip Gossage, J.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Kalberg, Wendy O.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Barnard, Ronel
South Africa, Cape Town
Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
de Vries, Marlene M.
South Africa, Cape Town
Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Robinson, Luther K.
United States, Buffalo
University at Buffalo, the State University of new York
Adnams, Colleen M.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Buckley, David G.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Manning, Melanie Ann
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Jones, Kenneth Lyons
United States, La Jolla
University of California, San Diego
Parry, Charles D.H.
South Africa, Cape Town
Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
South Africa, Tygerberg
South African Medical Research Council
Hoyme, H. Eugene
United States, Sioux Falls
Sanford School of Medicine
Seedat, Soraya
South Africa, Cape Town
Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Statistics
Citations: 218
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/acer.12033
ISSN:
01456008
e-ISSN:
15300277
Research Areas
Maternal And Child Health
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study