Skip to content
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study
The Lancet Global Health, Volume 10, No. 10, Year 2022
Notification
URL copied to clipboard!
Description
Background: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods: We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings: Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation: Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC9638039/bin/mmc1.pdf
Authors & Co-Authors
Frostad, Joseph Jon
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Nguyen, Quynh Anh P.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Baumann, Mathew M.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Blacker, Brigette F.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Marczak, Laurie B.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Deshpande, Aniruddha
United States, Atlanta
Emory University
Wiens, Kirsten E.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
LeGrand, Kate E.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Johnson, Kimberly B.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Iran, Tehran
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Abdoli, Amir
Iran, Jahrom
Jahrom University of Medical Sciences
Abolhassani, Hassan
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Sweden, Stockholm
Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset
Abreu, L. G.
Brazil, Belo Horizonte
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Abrigo, Michael Ralph M.
Unknown Affiliation
Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E.
Palestine, Birzeit
Birzeit University
Adekanmbi, V. T.
United States, Galveston
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Agrawal, Anurag Vijay
India, Sonipat
Ashoka University
United States, Houston
Baylor College of Medicine
Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
Ethiopia, Jimma
Jimma University
Australia, Adelaide
University of South Australia
Al-Aly, Ziyad
United States, St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis
United States, Washington, D.c.
U.s. Department of Veterans Affairs
Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
Saudi Arabia, Dammam
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Mexico, Cuernavaca
Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica
Alipour, Vahid
Iran, Tehran
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Altirkawi, Khalid A.
Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
King Saud University
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
Colombia, Barranquilla
Universidad de la Costa
Colombia, Cartagena
Universidad de Cartagena
Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J.
Colombia, Barranquilla
Universidad de la Costa
Colombia, Bogota
Instituto Nacional de Salud
Amegah, A. K.
Ghana, Cape Coast
University of Cape Coast Ghana
Amini, Saeed
Iran, Khomein
Khomein University of Medical Sciences
Amiri, Fatemhe
Iran, Kermanshah
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Amugsi, Dickson Abanimi
Kenya, Nairobi
African Population & Health Research Center
Ancuceanu, Robert
Romania, Bucharest
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila Din Bucuresti
Andrei, Câtâlina Liliana
Romania, Bucharest
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila Din Bucuresti
Andrei, Tudorel
Romania, Bucharest
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Antriyandarti, Ernoiz
Indonesia, Surakarta
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Anvari, Davood
Iran, Sari
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Iran, Iranshahr
Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences
Arabloo, Jalal
Iran, Tehran
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Arab-Zozani, Morteza
Iran, Birjand
Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Iran, Zanjan
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zums
Ausloos, M.
Romania, Bucharest
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
United Kingdom, Leicester
University of Leicester
Ayano, Getinet
Australia, Perth
The University of Western Australia
Australia, Perth
Curtin University
Aynalem, Yared Asmare
Ethiopia, Debre Berhan
Debre Berhan University
Azari, Samad
Iran, Tehran
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Badiye, Ashish
India, Nagpur
Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur
Baig, Atif Amin
Malaysia, Kuala Terengganu
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
Balakrishnan, Kalpana
India, Chennai
Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
Banach, Maciej P.
Poland, Lodz
Medical University of Lodz
Poland, Lodz
Instytut Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki
Basu, Sanjay
United States, Cambridge
Harvard University
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Bedi, Neeraj
India, Navi Mumbai
D y Patil University, Navi Mumbai
Saudi Arabia, Jazan
Jazan University
Bell, Michelle L.
United States, New Haven
Yale University
Bennett, Derrick A.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Bhattacharyya, Krittika
India, Kalyani
National Institute of Biomedical Genomics
India, Kolkata
University of Calcutta
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Canada, Toronto
University of Toronto
Pakistan, Karachi
The Aga Khan University
Bibi, Sadia D.
Pakistan, Faisalabad
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Bohlouli, Somayeh
Iran, Kermanshah
Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch
Boufous, Soufiane
Australia, Sydney
Unsw Sydney
Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
Italy, Genoa
Università Degli Studi Di Genova
Braithwaite, Dejana
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida Health
Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina
India, Bengaluru
Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
Butt, Zahid A.
Canada, Waterloo
University of Waterloo
Pakistan, Rawalpindi
Al-shifa Trust Eye Hospital
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Switzerland, Lausanne
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Car, Josip
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Singapore, Singapore City
Nanyang Technological University
Cárdenas, Rosario
Mexico, Mexico
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Carvalho, Félix Dias
Portugal, Caparica
Ucibio-requimte
Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio
Brazil, Sao Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo
Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A.
Colombia, Bogota
Instituto Nacional de Salud
Colombia, Bogota
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Cerin, Ester
Australia, Sydney
Australian Catholic University
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The University of Hong Kong
Chattu, Soosanna Kumary
Guyana, Georgetown
Texila American University
Chattu, Vijay Kumar
India, Wardha
Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research Deemed to be University
India, Chennai
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Chaturvedi, Pankaj P.
India, Mumbai
Tata Memorial Hospital
Chaturvedi, Sarika
India, Pune
Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune
Chen, Simiao
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Chu, Dinh Toi
Viet Nam, Hanoi
Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Chung, Sheng Chia
United Kingdom, London
University College London
United Kingdom, London
Health Data Research uk
Dahlawi, Saad Mohammed
Unknown Affiliation
Damiani, Giovanni
Italy, Milan
Irccs Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi
United States, Cleveland
Case Western Reserve University
Dandona, Lalit
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
India, New Delhi
Public Health Foundation of India
India, New Delhi
Indian Council of Medical Research
Dandona, Rakhi
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
India, New Delhi
Public Health Foundation of India
Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
Iraq, Sulaymaniyah
University of Human Development
Das, Jai Kumar
Pakistan, Karachi
The Aga Khan University
Dash, Aditya Prasad
Unknown Affiliation
Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
Unknown Affiliation
De Leo, D.
Australia, Brisbane
Griffith University
De Neve, Jan Walter
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Demissie, Getu Debalkie
Ethiopia, Gondar
University of Gondar
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
Mexico, Cuernavaca
Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica
Dey, Sagnik
India, New Delhi
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Sri Lanka, Peradeniya
University of Peradeniya
Dhimal, Megnath
Nepal, Kathmandu
Nepal Health Research Council
Dhungana, Govinda Prasad
Nepal, Mahendranagar
Far Western University
Diaz, D.
Mexico, Mexico
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Mexico, Culiacan
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi
Nigeria, Ibadan
University of Ibadan
Dorostkar, Fariba
Iran, Tehran
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Doshmangir, Leila
Iran, Tabriz
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Duraes, A. R.
Brazil, Salvador
Universidade Federal da Bahia
Brazil, Salvador
Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública – Ebmsp
Edinur, Hisham Atan
Malaysia, Minden
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Efendi, Ferry
Indonesia, Surabaya
Universitas Airlangga
Australia, Melbourne
La Trobe University
El Tantawi, Maha M.A.
Egypt, Alexandria
Alexandria University
Eskandarieh, Sharareh
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Fadhil, Ibtihal
Unknown Affiliation
Fatahi, Nazir
Iran, Kermanshah
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Fauk, Nelsensius Klau
Australia, Adelaide
Torrens University Australia
Indonesia, Kupang, Timor
Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad
Sweden, Stockholm
Karolinska Institutet
Canada, Ottawa
University of Ottawa
Folayan, Morenike O.
Nigeria, Ife
Obafemi Awolowo University
Foroutan, M.
Iran, Abadan
Abadan University of Medical Sciences
Fukumoto, Takeshi
Japan, Kobe
Kobe University
Gaidhane, Abhay M.
India, Wardha
Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research Deemed to be University
Ghafourifard, Mansour
Iran, Tabriz
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Ghashghaee, Ahmad
Iran, Qazvin
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Gilani, Syed Amir
Pakistan, Lahore
University of Lahore
Pakistan, Lahore
Afro-asian Institute
Gill, Tiffany K.
Australia, Adelaide
The University of Adelaide
Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho
Brazil, Sao Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo
Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia
Brazil, Porto Alegre
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Grada, Ayman A.
United States, Boston
Boston University
Gubari, Mohammed I.M.
Iraq, Sulaymaniyah
University of Sulaimani
Guido, Davide
Italy, Milan
Foundation Irccs Neurological Institute C. Besta
Germany, Berlin
Technische Universität Berlin
Guo, Yuming
Australia, Clayton
Monash University
China, Binzhou
Binzhou Medical College
Gupta, Rajat Das
United States, Columbia
University of South Carolina
Bangladesh, Dhaka
Brac University
India, Jaipur
Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute
India, Kottayam
Mahatma Gandhi University
Gupta, Rajeev C.
United States, Columbia
University of South Carolina
Bangladesh, Dhaka
Brac University
India, Jaipur
Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute
India, Kottayam
Mahatma Gandhi University
Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma
Mexico, Mexico
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hasaballah, Ahmed I.
Egypt, Cairo
Al-azhar University
Hassanipour, Soheil
Iran, Rasht
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Hayat, Khezar
Pakistan, Lahore
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
China, Xi'an
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Heibati, Behzad
Finland, Oulu
Oulun Yliopisto
Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza
Iran, Tehran
Tarbiat Modares University
Henry, Nathaniel J.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Herteliu, Claudiu
Romania, Bucharest
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
United Kingdom, London
London South Bank University
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
Iraq, Sulaymaniyah
University of Human Development
Viet Nam, Da Nang
Duy Tan University
Hsaïri, Mohamed
Tunisia, Tunis
Université de Tunis el Manar
Hu, Guoqing
China, Changsha
Central South University
Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
Nigeria, Ibadan
University of Ibadan
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Nigeria, Ibadan
University of Ibadan
Nigeria, Ibadan
University College Hospital, Ibadan
Ilic, Irena M.
Serbia, Belgrade
University of Belgrade
Ilic, Milena D.
Serbia, Kragujevac
University of Kragujevac
Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina
Unknown Affiliation
Islam, Sheikh Mohammad Shariful
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Australia, Sydney
The University of Sydney
Iwu, Chidozie Declan
South Africa, Pretoria
University of Pretoria
Jaafari, Jalil
Iran, Rasht
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Japan, Tokyo
Hosei University
Ji, John S.
China, Beijing
Tsinghua University
Jonas, Jost Bruno
Switzerland, Basel
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Kabir, Ali
Iran, Tehran
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Kabir, Zubair
Ireland, Cork
University College Cork
Kalhor, Rohollah
Iran, Qazvin
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser
Iran, Abadan
Abadan University of Medical Sciences
Kanchan, Tanuj
India, Jodhpur
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur
Kapil, Umesh C.
India, New Delhi
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, new Delhi
Kapoor, Neeti
India, Nagpur
Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur
Kayode, Gbenga Ayodele
Nigeria, Abuja
Institute of Human Virology - Nigeria
Netherlands, Utrecht
Universiteit Utrecht
Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
Kenya, Nairobi
University of Nairobi
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Jordan, Irbid
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Khalid, Nauman Abbas
Pakistan, Lahore
University of Management and Technology Lahore
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Pakistan, Islamabad
Health Services Academy Islamabad
Khan, Maseer Adnan
Unknown Affiliation
Khan, Md Nuruzzaman
Unknown Affiliation
Khatab, Khaled
Australia, Clayton
Monash Health
United Kingdom, Sheffield
Sheffield Hallam University
United States, Athens
Ohio University
Khater, Mona M.
Egypt, Giza
Cairo University
Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli
India, Wardha
Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research Deemed to be University
Khayamzadeh, Maryam
Iran, Tehran
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Iran, Tehran
Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences
Khubchandani, Jagdish
United States, Las Cruces
New Mexico State University
Kim, Gyu-ri
South Korea, Seoul
Yonsei University
Kim, Yun-jin
Malaysia, Sepang
Xiamen University Malaysia
Kimokoti, Ruth W.
United States, Boston
Simmons University
Kisa, Adnan
Norway, Oslo
Kristiania University College
United States, New Orleans
Tulane University
Kisa, Sezer
Norway, Oslo
Oslomet – Storbyuniversitetet
Knibbs, L. D.
Australia, Sydney
The University of Sydney
Koul, Parvaiz A.
India, Srinagar
Sher-i-kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
Koyanagi, Ai
Spain, Barcelona
Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats
Krishan, K.
India, Chandigarh
Panjab University
Kumar, G. Anil
India, New Delhi
Public Health Foundation of India
Kumar, Manasi
United Kingdom, London
University College London
Kenya, Nairobi
University of Nairobi
Kusuma, Dian
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Indonesia, Depok
Universitas Indonesia
Vecchia, Carlo La
Italy, Milan
Università Degli Studi Di Milano
Lami, Faris Hasan
Iraq, Baghdad
University of Baghdad
Lan, Qing
United States, Rockville
National Cancer Institute Nci
Lasrado, Savita
India, Mangalore
Fr. Muller Medical College Hospital
Lauriola, Paolo
Unknown Affiliation
Lee, Paul H.
United Kingdom, Leicester
University of Leicester
Lewycka, Sonia
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
Li, Shanshan
Australia, Clayton
Monash University
MacHado, Daiane Borges
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz
United Kingdom, London
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Mahasha, Phetole Walter
South Africa, Tygerberg
South African Medical Research Council
Majeed, Azeem
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Maleki, Afshin
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Iran, Sanandaj
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Malekzadeh, Reza
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Iran, Shiraz
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Carvalho Malta, Deborah Carvalho
Brazil, Belo Horizonte
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Mansouri, Borhan
Iran, Kermanshah
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio
Brazil, Caucaia
Federal Institute of Education
Mayala, Benjamin K.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
United States, Fairfax
Icf International Inc.
Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
India, New Delhi
Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society
India, New Delhi
Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research
Mendoza, Walter
United States, New York
United Nations Population Fund
Menezes, Ritesh G.
Saudi Arabia, Dammam
Forensic Medicine Center
Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku
Ethiopia, Bahir Dar
Bahir Dar University
Meretoja, Tuomo J.
Finland, Helsinki
Helsinki University Hospital
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Meštrović, Tomislav
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Croatia, Koprivnica
University North
Michalek, Irmina Maria
Switzerland, Lausanne
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
Mirrakhimov, Erkin
Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek
Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek
National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine
Mirzaei, Roya
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Iran, Tehran
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Moazen, Babak
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Germany, Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences
Mohammad, Yousef M.
Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
King Saud University
Mohamadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Iran, Shahr-e Kord
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Mohammed, Shafiu Abdullah
Nigeria, Zaria
Ahmadu Bello University
Mokdad, Ali H.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Monasta, Lorenzo
Italy, Trieste
Irccs Burlo Garofolo
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
Iran, Tehran
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Moraga, Paula
Saudi Arabia, Thuwal
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Morawska, Lidia
Australia, Brisbane
Queensland University of Technology
Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin
Unknown Affiliation
Murray, Christopher J.L.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
Unknown Affiliation
Naghavi, Mohsen
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Nair, Sanjeev
India, Thiruvananthapuram
Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram
Nangia, Vinay B.
India, Nagpur
Suraj Eye Institute
Nascimento, Bruno Ramos
Brazil, Belo Horizonte
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Negoi, Ionut
Romania, Bucharest
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila Din Bucuresti
Romania, Bucharest
Emergency Hospital of Bucharest
Netsere, Henok Biresaw
Ethiopia, Gondar
University of Gondar
Wanjiku Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku
Kenya, Embu
University of Embu
Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
Viet Nam, Da Nang
Duy Tan University
Noubiap, Jean Jacques
Australia, Adelaide
The University of Adelaide
Oancea, Bogdan
Romania, Bucharest
Universitatea Din Bucuresti
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
Australia, Penrith
Western Sydney University
Oh, In-hwan
South Korea, Seoul
Kyung Hee University
Olagunju, Andrew Toyin
Canada, Hamilton
Mcmaster University
Nigeria, Lagos
University of Lagos
Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
Nigeria, Lagos
Centre for Healthy Start Initiative
Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
Nigeria, Lagos
Centre for Healthy Start Initiative
Omar Bali, Ahmed
Iraq, Sulaymaniyah
University of Human Development
Onwujekwe, Obinna E.
Nigeria, Naukka
University of Nigeria
Otstavnov Nikita, S.
Russian Federation, Dolgoprudny
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Otstavnov, Stanislav S.
Russian Federation, Dolgoprudny
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Russian Federation, Moscow
Hse University
Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo
Nigeria, Ibadan
University of Ibadan
Nigeria, Ibadan
University College Hospital, Ibadan
Mahesh, Padkuduru A.
India, Mysore
Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research
Park, Eun-Cheol
South Korea, Seoul
Yonsei University
South Korea, Busan
Kosin University
Park, Eun-kee
South Korea, Seoul
Yonsei University
South Korea, Busan
Kosin University
Patel, Sangram Kishor
India, New Delhi
Population Council
Pham, Haiquang
Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City
Dại Học Nguyen Tat Thanh
Pilgrim, Thomas M.
Switzerland, Bern
University of Bern
Pirsaheb, Meghdad
Iran, Kermanshah
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Pokhrel, Khem Narayan
Nepal, Kathmandu
Integrated Development Foundation Nepal
Postma, Maarten Jacobus
Netherlands, Groningen
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Quazi, Syed Zahiruddin
India, Wardha
Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research Deemed to be University
Rabiee, Navid
Australia, Sydney
Macquarie University
South Korea, Pohang
Pohang University of Science and Technology
Rahim, Fakher
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
Australia, Melbourne
La Trobe University
India, Solan
Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital
Australia, Ballarat
Federation University Australia
Rahmani, Amir Masoud
Taiwan, Douliou
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Nepal, Kathmandu
Policy Research Institute
Rao, Sowmya J.
India, Shimoga
Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital
Rasella, Davide
Brazil, Salvador
Universidade Federal da Bahia
Rastogi, Prateek
India, Manipal
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Rawaf, David Laith
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
United Kingdom, London
University College London Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust
Rawaf, Salman
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
United Kingdom, London
Public Health England
Rawal, Lal Bahadur
Australia, Rockhampton
Cquniversity Australia
Rawassizadeh, Reza
United States, Boston
Boston University
Renzaho, Andre M.N.
Australia, Penrith
Western Sydney University
Rezaei, Negar
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Iran, Tehran
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network
Rezaei, Nima
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Iran, Tehran
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network
Rezapour, Aziz
Iran, Tehran
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Rickard, Jennifer L.
United States, Minneapolis
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Rwanda, Kigali
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali
Roever, Leonardo S.
Brazil, Uberlandia
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Ronfani, Luca
Italy, Trieste
Irccs Burlo Garofolo
Rubagotti, Enrico
Morocco, Ben Guerir
Mohammed Vi Polytechnic University
Colombia, Cali
Universidad Icesi
Rwegerera, Godfrey Mutashambara
Botswana, Gaborone
University of Botswana
Saddik, Basema
United Arab Emirates, Sharjah
University of Sharjah
Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Sagar, Rajesh Pragna
India, New Delhi
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, new Delhi
Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Iran, Mashhad
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Sahiledengle, Biniyam
Ethiopia, Robe
Madda Walabu University
Rashad Salem, Marwa Rashad
Egypt, Giza
Cairo University
Samy, Abdallah Mohammed
Egypt, Cairo
Ain Shams University
Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.
Serbia, Belgrade
University of Belgrade
Sathian, Brijesh
Qatar, Doha
Hamad Medical Corporation
United Kingdom, Bournemouth
Bournemouth University
Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu
Canada, Hamilton
Mcmaster University
Schwebel, David C.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Iran, Tehran
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Iran, Shiraz
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shahabi, Saeed
Iran, Shiraz
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shaikh, Masood Ali A.
Unknown Affiliation
Shalash, Ali Soliman
Egypt, Cairo
Ain Shams University
Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran
Iran, Karaj
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Sharafi, Kiomars
Iran, Kermanshah
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Sheikh, Aziz
United States, Cambridge
Harvard University
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Sheikhbahaei, Sara
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Shetty, Ranjitha S.
India, Manipal
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw
Ethiopia, Debre Berhan
Debre Berhan University
Shigematsu, Mika
Japan, Tokyo
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Shin, Jae Il I.
South Korea, Seoul
Yonsei University
Siabani, Soraya
Iran, Kermanshah
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Australia, Sydney
University of Technology Sydney
Singh, Jasvinder A.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
United States, Birmingham
Birmingham va Medical Center
Sintayehu, Yitagesu
Ethiopia, Dire Dawa
Dire Dawa University
Sorrie, Muluken Bekele
Ethiopia, Arba Minch
Arba Minch University
Soyiri, Ireneous N.
United Kingdom, Hull
University of Hull
Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
United States, New Haven
Yale University
Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
International Medical University
Stockfelt, Leo
Sweden, Gothenburg
Göteborgs Universitet
Sufiyan, Mu'Awiyyah Babale
Nigeria, Zaria
Ahmadu Bello University
Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. T.
Spain, Valencia
Universitat de València
Spain, Madrid
Instituto de Salud Carlos Iii
Taherkhani, Amir
Iran, Hamadan
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Temsah, Mohamad Hani
Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
King Saud University
Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
India, Kasaragod
Central University of Kerala
Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
Brazil, Sao Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo
Upadhyay, Era
India, Noida
Amity University
Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel
Iran, Tehran
Milad General Hospital
Iran, Tehran
Islamic Azad University
Varughese, Santosh
India, Vellore
Christian Medical College, Vellore
Violante, Francesco Saverio
Italy, Bologna
Alma Mater Studiorum Università Di Bologna
Italy, Bologna
Irccs Azienda Ospedaliero-universitaria Di Bologna
Vo, Bay
Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - Hutech
Vu, Giang T.
Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City
Dại Học Nguyen Tat Thanh
Waheed, Yasir
Pakistan, Islamabad
Foundation University, Islamabad
Welgan, Catherine A.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Werdecker, Andrea
Germany, Wiesbaden
Federal Institute for Population Research
Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh
Iran, Tehran
Milad General Hospital
Yaya, Sanni
United Kingdom, Oxford
The George Institute, uk
Canada, Ottawa
University of Ottawa
Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu
Ethiopia, Nekemte
Wollega University
Younis, Mustafa Zeedan
United States, Jackson
Jackson State University
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Universiti Putra
Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh
Iran, Tehran
Sbums Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center
Yu, Chuanhua
China, Wuhan
Wuhan University
Yu, Yong
China, Shiyan
Hubei University of Medicine
Zaman, Sojib Bin
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Zhang, Zhi Jiang
China, Wuhan
Wuhan University
Brauer, Michael
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Canada, Vancouver
The University of British Columbia
Hay, Simon I.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Reiner, Robert Charles
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Statistics
Citations: 15
Authors: 319
Affiliations: 292
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00332-1
ISSN:
2214109X
Research Areas
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study