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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Biochemical basis of permethrin resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from Lower Moshi, north-eastern Tanzania
Malaria Journal, Volume 9, No. 1, Article 193, Year 2010
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Description
Background. Development of resistance to different classes of insecticides is a potential threat to malaria control. With the increasing coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets in Tanzania, the continued monitoring of resistance in vector populations is crucial. It may facilitate the development of novel strategies to prevent or minimize the spread of resistance. In this study, metabolic-based mechanisms conferring permethrin (pyrethroid) resistance were investigated in Anopheles arabiensis of Lower Moshi, Kilimanjaro region of north-eastern Tanzania. Methods. WHO susceptibility test kits were used to detect resistance to permethrin in An. arabiensis. The levels and mechanisms of permethrin resistance were determined using CDC bottle bioassays and microplate (biochemical) assays. In bottle bioassays, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and s,s,s-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) were used as synergists to inhibit mixed function oxidases and non-specific esterases respectively. Biochemical assays were carried out in individual mosquitoes to detect any increase in the activity of enzymes typically involved in insecticide metabolism (mixed function oxidases, - and -esterases). Results. Anopheles arabiensis from the study area was found to be partially resistant to permethrin, giving only 87% mortality in WHO test kits. Resistance ratios at KT50and KT95were 4.0 and 4.3 respectively. The permethrin resistance was partially synergized by DEF and by PBO when these were mixed with permethrin in bottle bioassays and was fully synergized when DEF and PBO were used together. The levels of oxidase and -esterase activity were significantly higher in An. arabiensis from Lower Moshi than in the laboratory susceptible strain. There was no difference in -esterase activity between the two strains. Conclusion. Elevated levels of mixed function oxidases and -esterases play a role in detoxification of permethrin in the resistant An. arabiensis population of Lower Moshi. © 2010 Matowo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Matowo, Johnson J.
Unknown Affiliation
Kulkarni, Manisha A.
Unknown Affiliation
Mosha, Franklin W.
Unknown Affiliation
Oxborough, Richard M.
Unknown Affiliation
Kitau, Jovin A.
Unknown Affiliation
Tenu, Filemoni F.
Unknown Affiliation
Rowland, Mark W.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 99
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1475-2875-9-193
e-ISSN:
14752875
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Noncommunicable Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Tanzania