Nutritional status and other baseline predictors of mortality among HIV-infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania

Background:We assembled a prospective cohort of 3144 children less than 15 years of age initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: The relationships of nutritional status and other baseline characteristics in relation to mortality were examined usingCox proportional hazardsmodel. Results:Compared with children withweight for age(WAZ) > -1, thosewith WAZ > -2 to < -3 had a nearly double risk of death (relative risk [RR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-3.11), and among those with WAZ > -3, the risk more than tripled (RR, 3.36; 95% CI, 2.12-5.32). Other baseline risk factors for overall mortality included severe anemia (P < .001), severe immune suppression (P = .02), history of tuberculosis (P = .01), opportunistic infections (P < .001), living in the poorest district (P < .001), and advanced World Health Organization stage (P = .003). Conclusions: To sustain the obtained benefit of ART in this setting, interventions to improve nutritional status may be used as an adjunct to ART.