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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
earth and planetary sciences
The Herschel exploitation of local galaxy Andromeda (HELGA). II. Dust and gas in Andromeda
Astrophysical Journal, Volume 756, No. 1, Article 40, Year 2012
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Description
We present an analysis of the dust and gas in Andromeda, using Herschel images sampling the entire far-infrared peak. We fit a modified-blackbody model to ∼4000 quasi-independent pixels with spatial resolution of 140pc and find that a variable dust-emissivity index (β) is required to fit the data. We find no significant long-wavelength excess above this model, suggesting there is no cold dust component. We show that the gas-to-dust ratio varies radially, increasing from ∼20 in the center to ∼70 in the star-forming ring at 10kpc, consistent with the metallicity gradient. In the 10kpc ring the average β is ∼1.9, in good agreement with values determined for the Milky Way (MW). However, in contrast to the MW, we find significant radial variations in β, which increases from 1.9 at 10kpc to ∼2.5 at a radius of 3.1kpc and then decreases to 1.7 in the center. The dust temperature is fairly constant in the 10kpc ring (ranging from 17 to 20K), but increases strongly in the bulge to ∼30K. Within 3.1kpc we find the dust temperature is highly correlated with the 3.6 μm flux, suggesting the general stellar population in the bulge is the dominant source of dust heating there. At larger radii, there is a weak correlation between the star formation rate and dust temperature. We find no evidence for "dark gas" in M31 in contrast to recent results for the MW. Finally, we obtained an estimate of the CO X-factor by minimizing the dispersion in the gas-to-dust ratio, obtaining a value of (1.9 ± 0.4) × 1020cm-2 [K km s-1]-1. © © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..
Authors & Co-Authors
Smith, Matthew W.L.
United Kingdom, Cardiff
Cardiff University
Eales, Stephen A.
United Kingdom, Cardiff
Cardiff University
Gomez, Haley L.
United Kingdom, Cardiff
Cardiff University
Roman-Duval, Julia C.
United States, Baltimore
Space Telescope Science Institute
Fritz, Jacopo
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Braun, Robert
Australia, Canberra
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Baes, Maarten
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Bendo, George J.
United Kingdom, Manchester
The University of Manchester
Blommaert, Joris A.D.L.
Belgium, Leuven
Ku Leuven
Boquien, Médéric
France, Marseille
Aix Marseille Université
Boselli, Alessandro
France, Marseille
Aix Marseille Université
Clements, David L.
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Cooray, Asantha Roshan
United States, Irvine
University of California, Irvine
Cortese, Luca
Germany, Garching Bei Munchen
European Southern Observatory
de Looze, Ilse
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Ford, George P.
United Kingdom, Cardiff
Cardiff University
Gear, Walter K.P.
United Kingdom, Cardiff
Cardiff University
Gentile, Gianfranco
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Gordon, Karl D.
United States, Baltimore
Space Telescope Science Institute
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Kirk, Jason M.
United Kingdom, Cardiff
Cardiff University
Lebouteiller, Vianney
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation de Paris-saclay
Madden, Suzanne C.
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation de Paris-saclay
O'Halloran, Brian
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Page, Mathew J.
United Kingdom, London
University College London
Schulz, Bernhard
Unknown Affiliation
Spinoglio, L.
Italy, Rome
Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica, Rome
Verstappen, Joris
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Wilson, Christine D.
Canada, Hamilton
Mcmaster University
Thilker, David A.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Statistics
Citations: 131
Authors: 29
Affiliations: 16
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/40
ISSN:
0004637X
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study