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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Carcinogenic tobacc-specific nitrosamines are present at unusually high levels in the saliva of oral snuff users in sudan
Carcinogenesis, Volume 13, No. 6, Year 1992
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Description
Exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) has been measured in the saliva of 12 users of Sudanese oral snuff (toombak). Using GC coupled to thermal energy analysis, levels of N'-nitrosonornlcotine (NNN), N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were measured before, during and after snuff taking. In addition, two TSNA, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (iso-NNAL), were detected in the saliva of tobacco chewers for the first time and were confinned by GC-MS. Nine out of 10 subjects had detectable saliva levels of total TSNA before chewing (0.01-1.0 .μg/ml) and immediately following chewing (0.1-2.6 μg/ml). During dipping, TSNA concentrations reached μg/ml levels; (range; number of subjects positive) NNN: (0.6-2.1; 12/12), NAT (0.06-0.5; 2/12), NAB (0.05-1.9; 12/12), NNK (0.06-6.7; 11/12), NNAL (0.05- 3.3; 11/12) and iso-NNAL (0.07-0.4; 8/12). These saliva TSNA levels, which are 10-100 times the levels previously reported, are consistent with recent observations of unusally high TSNA levels in Sudanese toombak. As several of these TSNA have been shown to be carcinogenic in animals and epidemiological studies have associated human snuff use with tumours of the oral cavity, these findings draw attention to a significant potential public health hazard. © 1992 Oxford Universiry Press.
Authors & Co-Authors
Idris, Ali M.
Sudan, Khartoum
University of Khartoum Faculty of Medicine
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Nair, J.
India, Mumbai
Tata Memorial Hospital
Friesen, Marlin D.
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Ohshima, Hiroshi
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Brouet, I.
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Faustman, Elaine M.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Bartsch, Helmut
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Statistics
Citations: 65
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/carcin/13.6.1001
ISSN:
01433334
Research Areas
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Substance Abuse
Study Locations
Sudan