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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Epidemic poliomyelitis in the Gambia following the control of poliomyelitis as an endemic disease: II. Clinical efficacy of trivalent oral polio vaccine
American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 135, No. 4, Year 1992
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Description
An epidemic of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus type 1 occurred in The Gambia from May to November 1986. Descriptive findings and vaccination coverage levels are reported in part I. This article (part II) describes a case-control study to estimate the clinical efficacy of three or more doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine compared with zero doses. "Cases" were 1 - to 7-year-old children paralyzed during the epidemic who were diagnosed as having poliomyelitis by designated referral physicians. They were identified by reports from referral physicians during the epidemic and by a nationwide village-to-village search after the epidemic. Up to five controls were randomly selected for each case from among children of the same age and sex living in neighboring households. In a matched analysis of 195 cases and 839 controls, the efficacy of three or more doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine was 72% (95% confidence interval 57-82) when children without vaccination cards were considered unvaccinated. The efficacy of three or more doses in 1- to 2-year-old children, in whom the determination of vaccination status was considered to be more accurate than in older children, was 81% (95% confidence interval 66-90). Vaccine failure was not associated with short intervals between doses. Higher levels of vaccination coverage and efficacy than those achieved in The Gambia may be needed in African countries to prevent the return of poliomyelitis as an epidemic disease after it has been controlled as an endemic disease. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:393-408. © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.
Authors & Co-Authors
Deming, Michael S.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Jaiteh, Kebba Omar
Gambia, Region
Ministry of Health
Otten, Mac W.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Flagg, Elaine W.
United States, Atlanta
Rollins School of Public Health
Jallow, Mustapha
Gambia, Region
Ministry of Health
Cham, Momodou
Gambia, Region
Ministry of Health
Brogan, Donna R.
United States, Atlanta
Rollins School of Public Health
N'jie, Hatib
Gambia, Region
Ministry of Health
Statistics
Citations: 8
Authors: 8
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116300
ISSN:
00029262
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Case-Control Study
Study Locations
Gambia