The role of radiotherapy in subsequent development of an ileal leiomyosarcoma?; [Quel est le rôle de la radiothérapie dans la survenue d'un léiomyosarcome iléal?]

Abstract Infrequently, malignant lesions can develop after radiotherapy for testicular cancer. These are most commonly carcinomas but, very rarely, can include sarcomas.We report a case of ileal leiomyosarcoma which appeared 38 years after irradiation. It presented with lower bowel haemorrhage diagnosed using videocapsule endoscopy. We discuss this case and review the literature relating to sarcoma resulting from radiotherapy of pelvic cancer. © Springer-Verlag France 2010.