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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Oral delivery and gastrointestinal absorption of soluble glucans stimulate increased resistance to infectious challenge
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Volume 314, No. 3, Year 2005
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Description
Glucans are immunomodulatory carbohydrates found in the cell walls of fungi and certain bacteria. We examined the pharmacokinetics of three water-soluble glucans (glucan phosphate, laminarin, and scleroglucan) after oral administration of 1 mg/kg doses in rats. Maximum plasma concentrations for glucan phosphate occurred at 4 h. In contrast, laminarin and scleroglucan showed two plasma peaks between 0.5 and 12 h. At 24 h, 27 ± 3% of the glucan phosphate and 20 ± 7% of the laminarin remained in the serum. Scleroglucan was rapidly absorbed and eliminated. The liver did not significantly contribute to the clearance of plasma glucan. Biological effects were further studied in mice. Following oral administration of 1 mg, glucans were bound and internalized by intestinal epithelial cells and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) cells. Internalization of glucan by intestinal epithelial cells was not Dectindependent. GALT expression of Dectin-1 and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, but not TLR4, increased following oral administration of glucan. Oral glucan increased systemic levels of interleukin (IL)-12 (151 ± 15%) in mice. Oral glucan administration also increased survival in mice challenged with Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. These data demonstrate that orally administered water-soluble glucans translocate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into the systemic circulation. The glucans are bound by GI epithelial and GALT cells, and they modulate the expression of pattern recognition receptors in the GALT, increase IL-12 expression, and induce protection against infectious challenge. Copyright © 2005 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
Authors & Co-Authors
Rice, Peter J.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Adams, Elizabeth L.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Ozment-Skelton, Tammy R.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Gonzalez, Andres J.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Goldman, Matthew P.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Lockhart, Brent E.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Barker, Luke A.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Breuel, Kevin F.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
DePonti, Warren K.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Kalbfleisch, John H.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Ensley, Harry E.
United States, New Orleans
Tulane University
Brown, Gordon D.A.
United Kingdom, Oxford
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology
South Africa, Cape Town
Faculty of Health Sciences
Gordon, Siamon
United Kingdom, Oxford
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology
Williams, David L.
United States, Johnson
East Tennessee State University
Statistics
Citations: 324
Authors: 14
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1124/jpet.105.085415
ISSN:
00223565
Research Areas
Environmental
Health System And Policy