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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
environmental science
Spatial and temporal patterns of particulate matter sources and pollution in four communities in Accra, Ghana
Science of the Total Environment, Volume 435-436, Year 2012
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Description
Sources of air pollution in developing country cities include transportation and industrial pollution, biomass fuel use, and re-suspended dust from unpaved roads. We examined the spatial patterns of particulate matter (PM) and its sources in four neighborhoods of varying socioeconomic status (SES) in Accra. PM data were from 1week of morning and afternoon mobile and stationary air pollution measurements in each of the study neighborhoods. PM2.5 and PM10 were measured continuously, with matched GPS coordinates. Data on biomass fuel use were from the Ghana 2000 population and housing census and from a census of wood and charcoal stoves along the mobile monitoring paths. We analyzed the associations of PM with sources using a mixed-effects regression model accounting for temporal and spatial autocorrelation. After adjusting for other factors, the density of wood stoves, fish smoking, and trash burning along the mobile monitoring path as well as road capacity and surface were associated with higher PM2.5. Road capacity and road surface variables were also associated with PM10, but the association with biomass sources was weak or absent. While wood stoves and fish smoking were significant sources of air pollution, addressing them would require financial and physical access to alternative fuels for low-income households and communities. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Authors & Co-Authors
Rooney, Michael S.
United States, Cambridge
Harvard-mit Health Sciences and Technology
Arku, Raphael E.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Dionisio, Kathie L.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Paciorek, Christopher J.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Friedman, Ari B.
United States, Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania
Carmichael, Heather
United States, Boston
Harvard Medical School
Zhou, Zheng
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Hughes, Allison F.
Ghana, Accra
University of Ghana
Vallarino, Jose A.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Agyei-Mensah, Samuel
Ghana, Accra
University of Ghana
Spengler, John D.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Ezzati, Majid Hassanpour
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Statistics
Citations: 68
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.077
ISSN:
00489697
e-ISSN:
18791026
Research Areas
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Ghana