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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Maternal alcohol consumption producing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): Quantity, frequency, and timing of drinking
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Volume 133, No. 2, Year 2013
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Description
Background: Concise, accurate measures of maternal prenatal alcohol use are needed to better understand fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Methods: Measures of drinking by mothers of children with specific FASD diagnoses and mothers of randomly-selected controls are compared and also correlated with physical and cognitive/behavioral outcomes. Results: Measures of maternal alcohol use can differentiate maternal drinking associated with FASD from that of controls and some from mothers of alcohol-exposed normals. Six variables that combine quantity and frequency concepts distinguish mothers of FASD children from normal controls. Alcohol use variables, when applied to each trimester and three months prior to pregnancy, provide insight on critical timing of exposure as well. Measures of drinking, especially bingeing, correlate significantly with increased child dysmorphology and negative cognitive/behavioral outcomes in children, especially low non-verbal IQ, poor attention, and behavioral problems. Logistic regression links (p< .001) first trimester drinking (vs. no drinking) with FASD, elevating FASD likelihood 12 times; first and second trimester drinking increases FASD outcomes 61 times; and drinking in all trimesters 65 times. Conversely, a similar regression (p= .008) indicates that drinking only in the first trimester makes the birth of a child with an FASD 5 times less likely than drinking in all trimesters. Conclusions: There is significant variation in alcohol consumption both within and between diagnostic groupings of mothers bearing children diagnosed within the FASD continuum. Drinking measures are empirically identified and correlated with specific child outcomes. Alcohol use, especially heavy use, should be avoided throughout pregnancy. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
May, Philip A.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Blankenship, Jason
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Marais, Anna Susan
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Phillip Gossage, J.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Kalberg, Wendy O.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Joubert, Belinda
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Cloete, Marise
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Barnard, Ronel
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
de Vries, Marlene M.
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Hasken, Julie M.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Robinson, Luther K.
United States, Buffalo
University at Buffalo, the State University of new York
Adnams, Colleen M.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Buckley, David G.
United States, Albuquerque
The University of new Mexico
Manning, Melanie Ann
United States, Stanford
Stanford University School of Medicine
Parry, Charles D.H.
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
South Africa, Tygerberg
South African Medical Research Council
Hoyme, H. Eugene
United States, Sioux Falls
Sanford School of Medicine
Tabachnick, Barbara G.
United States, Northridge
California State University, Northridge
Seedat, Soraya
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Statistics
Citations: 190
Authors: 18
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.07.013
ISSN:
03768716
e-ISSN:
18790046
Research Areas
Maternal And Child Health
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Substance Abuse