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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
environmental science
Comparative toxic and genotoxic effects of chloroacetanilides, formamidines and their degradation products on Vibrio fischeri and Chironomus riparius
Environmental Pollution, Volume 119, No. 2, Year 2002
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Description
Toxic and genotoxic effects of alachlor, metolachlor, amitraz, chlordimeform, their respective environmentally stable degradation products 2,6-diethylaniline, 2-ethyl-4-methylaniline, 2,4-dimethylaniline, and two other related compounds, 3,4-dichloroaniline and aniline were compared. Acute toxicity tests with Chironomus riparius (96 h) and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®) and genotoxicity tests with a dark mutant of V. fischeri (Mutatox®) were carried out. Our results demonstrate that toxicity and genotoxicity of the pesticides are retained upon degradation to their alkyl-aniline metabolites. In the case of the herbicides alachlor and metolachlor, the toxicity to V. fischeri was enhanced upon degradation. Narcosis alone explains toxicity of the compounds to the midge, but not so for the bacteria suggesting a disparity in the selectivity of the test systems. All compounds showed direct genotoxicity in the Vibrio test, but amitraz and its metabolite were genotoxic at concentrations 103-105 lower than all the other compounds. The observations indicate that stable aniline degradation products of the pesticides may contribute considerably to environmental risks of pesticides application and that genotoxic effects may arise upon degradation of pesticides. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Osano, Odipo
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Kenya, Eldoret
Moi University
Admiraal, Wim A.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Klamer, Hans J.C.
Netherlands, The Hague
National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management - Rikz
Pastor, Delors
Netherlands, The Hague
National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management - Rikz
Bleeker, Eric A.J.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Statistics
Citations: 126
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00334-7
ISSN:
02697491
Research Areas
Environmental