Quantum Dots Supply Bulk- and Surface-Passivation Agents for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

We report a facile processing strategy that utilizes perovskite quantum dots (QDs) to distribute elemental dopants uniformly across a MAPbI3 film and anchor ligands to the film's surface—reducing the film's trap-state density and rendering its surface hydrophobic. QD-treated MAPbI3 films yield solar cells with 21.5% power conversion efficiency (PCE) (versus 18.3% for non-QD-treated) and maintain 80% of their initial PCE under 1-sun continuous illumination for 500 h with improved thermal stability.