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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Hypertension and obesity as cardiovascular risk factors among HIV seropositive patients in Western Kenya
PLoS ONE, Volume 6, No. 7, Article e22288, Year 2011
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Description
Background: There is increased risk of cardiovascular disease among HIV seropositive individuals. The prevalence of HIV is highest in sub-Saharan Africa; however, HIV-related cardiovascular risk research is largely derived from developed country settings. Herein, we describe the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in a large HIV treatment program in Kenya. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records of a large HIV treatment program in Western Kenya between 2006 and 2009. We calculated the prevalence of hypertension and obesity among HIV+ adults as well as utilized multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship between clinical characteristics, HIV-related characteristics, and hypertension. Results: Our final sample size was 12,194. The median systolic/diastolic blood pressures were similar for both sexes (male: 110/70 mmHg, female: 110/70 mmHg). The prevalence of hypertension among men and women were 11.2% and 7.4%, respectively. Eleven percent of men and 22.6% of women were overweight/obese (body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2). Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that overweight/obesity was more strongly associated with hypertension among HIV+ men (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.88-3.09) than a higher successive age category (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.40-1.87 comparing 16-35, 36-45 and >45 years categories). Among women, higher age category and overweight/obesity were most strongly associated with hypertension (age category: OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.95-2.50, overweight/obesity: OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.50-2.16). Length of time on protease inhibitors was not found to be related to hypertension for men (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.42-6.20) or women (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.37-2.65) after adjustment for CD4 count, age and BMI. Conclusion: In Western Kenya, there is a high prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity among HIV+ patients with differences observed between men and women. The care of HIV+ patients in sub-Saharan Africa should also include both identification and management of associated cardiovascular risk factors. © 2011 Bloomfield et al.
Authors & Co-Authors
Bloomfield, Gerald Samuel
United States, Durham
Duke Clinical Research Institute
Hogan, Joseph W.
United States, Providence
Brown University
Keter, Alfred Kipyegon
Kenya, Eldoret
Moi University
Sang, Edwin
Kenya, Eldoret
Moi University
Carter, Ellison Jane
United States, Providence
The Warren Alpert Medical School
Velázquez, Eric Jose
United States, Durham
Duke Clinical Research Institute
Kimaiyo, Sylvester N.
Kenya, Eldoret
Moi University
Statistics
Citations: 131
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0022288
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Noncommunicable Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Locations
Kenya
Participants Gender
Male
Female