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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
Infectious chikungunya virus in the saliva of mice, monkeys and humans
PLoS ONE, Volume 10, No. 10, Article 139481, Year 2015
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Description
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging, ordinarily mosquito-transmitted, alphavirus that occasionally produces hemorrhagic manifestations, such as nose bleed and bleeding gums, in human patients. Interferon response factor 3 and 7 deficient (IRF3/7-/-) mice, which are deficient for interferon α/β responses, reliably develop hemorrhagic manifestations after CHIKV infection. Here we show that infectious virus was present in the oral cavity of CHIKV infected IRF3/7-/- mice, likely due to hemorrhagic lesions in the olfactory epithelium that allow egress of infected blood into the nasal, and subsequently, oral cavities. In addition. IRF3/7-/- mice were more susceptible to infection with CHIKV via intranasal and oral routes, with IRF3/7-/- mice also able to transmit virus mouse-to-mouse without an arthropod vector. Cynomolgus macaques often show bleeding gums after CHIKV infection, and analysis of saliva from several infected monkeys also revealed the presence of viral RNA and infectious virus. Furthermore, saliva samples collected from several acute CHIKV patients with hemorrhagic manifestations were found to contain viral RNA and infectious virus. Oral fluids can therefore be infectious during acute CHIKV infections, likely due to hemorrhagic manifestations in the oral/nasal cavities. Copyright: © 2015 Gardner et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC4598147/bin/pone.0139481.s001.pdf
Authors & Co-Authors
Belarbi, Essia
France, Fontenay-aux-roses
Immunologie Des Maladies Virales, Auto-immunes, Hematologiques et Bacteriennes
Roques, Pierre A.
France, Fontenay-aux-roses
Immunologie Des Maladies Virales, Auto-immunes, Hematologiques et Bacteriennes
Larcher, Thibaut
France, Beaucouze
Centre Inrae Pays de la Loire
Gresh, Lionel
Nicaragua, Managua
Sustainable Sciences Institute
Balmaseda, Ángel
Nicaragua, Managua
Ministry of Health
Harris, Eva H.
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Suhrbier, Andreas S.
Australia, Brisbane
Qimr Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Statistics
Citations: 30
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 8
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0139481
ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Health System And Policy