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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Are behavioural risk factors to be blamed for the conversion from optimal blood pressure to hypertensive status in black South Africans? A 5-year prospective study
International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 41, No. 4, Article dys106, Year 2012
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Description
Background: Longitudinal cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed to understand cardiovascular disease development. We, therefore, explored health behaviours and conventional risk factors of African individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP) (≤120/80 mm Hg), and their 5-year prediction for the development of hypertension. Methods: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study in the North West Province, South Africa, started in 2005 and included African volunteers (n = 1994; aged > 30 years) from a sample of 6000 randomly selected households in rural and urban areas. Results: At baseline, 48% of the participants were hypertensive (≥140/90 mmHg). Those with optimal BP (n = 478) were followed at a success rate of 70% for 5 years (213 normotensive, 68 hypertensive, 57 deceased). Africans that became hypertensive smoked more than the normotensive individuals (68.2% vs 49.8%), and they also had a greater waist circumference [ratio of geometric means of 0.94 cm (95% CI: 0.86-0.99)] and greater amount of γ-glutamyltransferase [0.74 U/l (95% CI: 0.62-0.88)] at baseline. The 5-year change in BP was independently explained by baseline γ-glutamyltransferase [R2 = 0.23, β = 0.13 U/l (95% CI: 0.01-0.19)]. Alcohol intake also predicted central systolic BP and carotid cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) at follow-up. Waist circumference was another predictor of BP changes [β = 0.18 cm (95% CI: 0.05-0.24)] and CSWA. HIV infection was inversely associated with increased BP. Conclusions: During the 5 years, 24% of Africans with optimal BP developed hypertension. The surge in hypertension in Africa is largely explained by modifiable risk factors. Public health strategies should focus aggressively on lifestyle to prevent a catastrophic burden on the national health system. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2012; all rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Schutte, Aletta E.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Schutte, Rudolph
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Huisman, Hugo Willem
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Van Rooyen, Johannes Marthinus
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Fourie, Carla M. T. Maria Theresia
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Malan, Nicolaas Theodor
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Malan, Leoné
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
M.c Mels, Catharina
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Smith, Wayne
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Moss, Sarah Johanna
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Wayne Towers, G.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Salomé Kruger, H.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Wentzel-Viljoen, Edelweiss
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Vorster, Hester Hendrina
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Kruger, Annamarie J.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Statistics
Citations: 116
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 1
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/ije/dys106
ISSN:
03005771
e-ISSN:
14643685
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Noncommunicable Diseases
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Locations
South Africa