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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Valacyclovir suppressive therapy reduces plasma and breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels during pregnancy and postpartum: A randomized trial
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 205, No. 3, Year 2012
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Description
Background. The effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) suppression on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions is unknown. Methods. Between April 2008 and August 2010, we conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of twice daily 500 mg valacyclovir or placebo beginning at 34 weeks gestation in 148 HIV-1/HSV-2 coinfected pregnant Kenyan women ineligible for highly active antiretroviral therapy (CD4 > 250 cells/mm 3). Women received zidovudine and single dose nevirapine for PMTCT and were followed until 12 months postpartum. Results. Mean baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA was 3.88 log10 copies/mL. Mean plasma HIV-1 was lower during pregnancy (-.56 log 10 copies/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -.77 to -.34) and after 6 weeks postpartum (-.51 log 10 copies/mL; 95% CI, -.73 to -.30) in the valacyclovir arm than the placebo arm. Valacyclovir reduced breast milk HIV-1 RNA detection at 6 and 14 weeks postpartum compared with placebo (30% lower, P =. 04; 46% lower, P =. 01, respectively), but not after 14 weeks. Cervical HIV-1 RNA detection was similar between arms (P =. 91). Conclusions. Valacyclovir significantly decreased early breast milk and plasma HIV-1 RNA among women receiving PMTCT. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious.
Authors & Co-Authors
Drake, Alison L.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Roxby, Alison C.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca A.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenyatta University
Kiarie, James Njogu
Kenya, Nairobi
University of Nairobi
John-Stewart, Grace C.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Wald, Anna
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Richardson, Barbra Ann
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Hitti, Jane E.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Overbaugh, Julie M.
United States, Seattle
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Emery, Sandra R.
United States, Seattle
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Farquhar, Carey
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Statistics
Citations: 31
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/infdis/jir766
ISSN:
00221899
Research Areas
Disability
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Participants Gender
Female