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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Genetics and personality traits in patients with social anxiety disorder: A case-control study in South Africa
European Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume 17, No. 5, Year 2007
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Description
Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is among the most common of all psychiatric disorders with lifetime prevalence estimates ranging from 7% to 13%. Although there is evidence that SAD has a strong familial basis, there are few studies of potential candidate genes. In addition to a genetic association, there is also the possibility that temperamental risk factors for the disorder may be genetically transmitted. Against this background, our aims were threefold: i.) to compare patients and controls with respect to personality traits, ii.) to genotype a subgroup of these participants to investigate the role of genes encoding components of serotonergic (5-HT) and dopaminergic (DA) pathways in patients with SAD and iii.) to compare differences in temperament dimensions between carriers of different (dominant vs. recessive) alleles for selected polymorphisms in SAD patients. Methods: Sixty-three patients (n = 63; 35 male, 28 female) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of generalized SAD and SPIN-scores > 18, and age-matched control participants (n = 150; 31 male, 119 female) were included in the study. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to measure behaviours associated with specific personality dimensions (i.e. temperament/character). DNA was extracted and genotyped to investigate the role of select candidate genes encoding components in serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways in mediating the development of SAD. To achieve this, the frequency of variants in 5-HT and DA genes was compared between a Caucasian subset of SAD patients (n = 41) and a convenience sample of Caucasian controls (n = 88), using case-control association analyses. We also investigated the frequency of variants in 5-HT and DA-related genes across temperament characteristics in SAD patients, using analyses of variance (ANOVA). Results: Patients scored significantly higher on harm avoidance (p < 0.001) but lower on novelty seeking (p = 0.04) and self-directedness (p = 0.004) compared to controls. In the Caucasian subset, there was a difference between patients and controls in distribution of the 5-HT2A T102C polymorphism, with significantly more patients harboring T-containing genotypes (T-containing genotypes: [T / T + T / C] vs. [C / C]) (χ2 = 7.55; p = 0.012). Temperament dimensions did not, however, differ significantly between carriers of different (dominant vs. recessive) alleles for the 5-HT2A T102C polymorphism in SAD patients. Conclusions: The results suggest a possible role for the 5-HT2A T102C polymorphism in the development of SAD. To date genetic findings in SAD have been inconsistent; nevertheless, serotonergic variants, and their associations with temperaments (e.g. reward dependence) deserve further exploration, in the hope that endophenotypes relevant to SAD can ultimately be delineated. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP.
Authors & Co-Authors
Lochner, Christine
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Joanna Hemmings, Sîan Megan
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Seedat, Soraya
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Kinnear, Craig J.
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Schoeman, Renata
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Annerbrink, Kristina
Sweden, Gothenburg
Göteborgs Universitet
Olsson, Marie
Sweden, Gothenburg
Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset
Eriksson, Elias
Sweden, Gothenburg
Göteborgs Universitet
Moolman-Smook, Johanna Catharina
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Allgulander, Christer R.
Sweden, Stockholm
Karolinska Institutet
Stein, Dan J.
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Statistics
Citations: 51
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.06.010
ISSN:
0924977X
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Mental Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Case-Control Study
Study Locations
South Africa
Participants Gender
Male
Female