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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
earth and planetary sciences
Molecular line emission in NGC 1068 imaged with ALMA : I. An AGN-driven outflow in the dense molecular gas
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 567, Article A125, Year 2014
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Description
Aims. We investigate the fueling and the feedback of star formation and nuclear activity in NGC 1068, a nearby (D = 14 Mpc) Seyfert 2 barred galaxy, by analyzing the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in the disk. We aim to understand if and how gas accretion can self-regulate.Methods. We have used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to map the emission of a set of dense molecular gas (n(H2) ' 1056 cm3) tracers (CO(3-2), CO(6-5), HCN(4-3), HCO+(4-3), and CS(7-6)) and their underlying continuum emission in the central r ∼ 2 kpc of NGC 1068 with spatial resolutions ∼0:3000:500 (∼20-35 pc for the assumed distance of D = 14 Mpc). Results. The sensitivity and spatial resolution of ALMA give an unprecedented detailed view of the distribution and kinematics of the dense molecular gas (n(H2) ≈ 1056cm3) in NGC 1068. Molecular line and dust continuum emissions are detected from a r ∼ 200 pc off-centered circumnuclear disk (CND), from the 2.6 kpc-diameter bar region, and from the r ∼ 1:3 kpc starburst (SB) ring. Most of the emission in HCO+, HCN, and CS stems from the CND. Molecular line ratios show dramatic order-of-magnitude changes inside the CND that are correlated with the UV/X-ray illumination by the active galactic nucleus (AGN), betraying ongoing feedback. We used the dust continuum fluxes measured by ALMA together with NIR/MIR data to constrain the properties of the putative torus using CLUMPY models and found a torus radius of 20+6 10 pc. The Fourier decomposition of the gas velocity field indicates that rotation is perturbed by an inward radial flow in the SB ring and the bar region. However, the gas kinematics from r ∼ 50 pc out to r ∼ 400 pc reveal a massive (Mmol ∼ 2:7+0:9 1:2 × 107 M) outflow in all molecular tracers. The tight correlation between the ionized gas outflow, the radio jet, and the occurrence of outward motions in the disk suggests that the outflow is AGN driven. Conclusions. The molecular outflow is likely launched when the ionization cone of the narrow line region sweeps the nuclear disk. The outflow rate estimated in the CND, dM=dt ∼ 63+21 37 M yr1, is an order of magnitude higher than the star formation rate at these radii, confirming that the outflow is AGN driven. The power of the AGN is able to account for the estimated momentum and kinetic luminosity of the outflow. The CND mass load rate of the CND outflow implies a very short gas depletion timescale of ≤1 Myr. The CND gas reservoir is likely replenished on longer timescales by efficient gas inflow from the outer disk. © ESO 2014.
Authors & Co-Authors
García-Burillo, Santiago
Spain, Alcala de Henares
Observatorio Astronomico Nacional
Combes, Françoise
France, Paris
Cnrs Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Usero, Antonio
Spain, Alcala de Henares
Observatorio Astronomico Nacional
Aalto, Susanne E.
Sweden, Gothenburg
Chalmers University of Technology
Krips, Melanie
France, Saint Martin D'heres
Université Grenoble Alpes
Viti, Serena
United Kingdom, London
University College London
Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
Spain, Santander
Csic-uc - Instituto de Física de Cantabria Ifca
Hunt, L. K.
Italy, Florence
Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri
Schinnerer, Eva
Germany, Heidelberg
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Boone, Frédéric
France, Toulouse
Observatoire Midi-pyrénées
Casasola, Viviana
Italy, Bologna
Istituto Di Radioastronomia, Bologna
Colina, Luis
Spain, Torrejon de Ardoz
Centro de Astrobiología Csic-inta
Costagliola, Francesco
Spain, Granada
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Csic
Eckart, A.
Germany, Koln
Universität zu Köln
Fuente, Asunción
Spain, Alcala de Henares
Observatorio Astronomico Nacional
Henkel, Christian
Germany, Bonn
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Saudi Arabia, Jeddah
King Abdulaziz University
Labiano, A.
Spain, Alcala de Henares
Observatorio Astronomico Nacional
Switzerland, Zurich
Eth Zürich
Martín, Sergio
France, Saint Martin D'heres
Université Grenoble Alpes
Márquez, I.
Spain, Granada
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Csic
Muller, Sébastien
Sweden, Gothenburg
Chalmers University of Technology
Planesas, P.
Spain, Alcala de Henares
Observatorio Astronomico Nacional
Ramos-Almeida, Cristina
Spain, San Cristobal de la Laguna
Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias
Spain, San Cristobal de la Laguna
Universidad de la Laguna
Spaans, Marco C.
Netherlands, Groningen
Kapteyn Instituut
Tacconi, Linda J.
Germany, Garching Bei Munchen
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
van der Werf, Paul P.
Netherlands, Leiden
Sterrewacht Leiden
Statistics
Citations: 287
Authors: 25
Affiliations: 22
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1051/0004-6361/201423843
ISSN:
00046361
e-ISSN:
14320746
Research Areas
Cancer
Environmental