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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
earth and planetary sciences
A Mildly Relativistic Outflow Launched Two Years after Disruption in Tidal Disruption Event AT2018hyz
Astrophysical Journal, Volume 938, No. 1, Article 28, Year 2022
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Description
We present late-time radio/millimeter (as well as optical/UV and X-ray) detections of tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018hyz, spanning 970-1300 d after optical discovery. In conjunction with earlier deeper limits, including those at ≈700 days, our observations reveal rapidly rising emission at 0.8-240 GHz, steeper than F ν ∞ t 5 relative to the time of optical discovery. Such a steep rise cannot be explained in any reasonable scenario of an outflow launched at the time of disruption (e.g., off-axis jet, sudden increase in the ambient density), and instead points to a delayed launch. Our multifrequency data allow us to directly determine the radius and energy of the radio-emitting outflow, and we find from our modeling that the outflow was launched ≈750 days after optical discovery. The outflow velocity is mildly relativistic, with β ≈ 0.25 and ≈0.6 for a spherical geometry and a 10° jet geometry, respectively, and the minimum kinetic energy is E K ≈ 5.8 × 1049 and ≈6.3 × 1049 erg, respectively. This is the first definitive evidence for the production of a delayed mildly relativistic outflow in a TDE; a comparison to the recently published radio light curve of ASASSN-15oi suggests that the final rebrightening observed in that event (at a single frequency and time) may be due to a similar outflow with a comparable velocity and energy. Finally, we note that the energy and velocity of the delayed outflow in AT2018hyz are intermediate between those of past nonrelativistic TDEs (e.g., ASASSN-14li, AT2019dsg) and the relativistic TDE Sw J1644+57. We suggest that such delayed outflows may be common in TDEs. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Authors & Co-Authors
Cendes, Yvette N.
United States, Cambridge
Harvard-smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Berger, Edo
United States, Cambridge
Harvard-smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Alexander, Kate D.
United States, Evanston
Northwestern University
Gomez, Sebastian
United States, Baltimore
Space Telescope Science Institute
Hajela, Aprajita
United States, Evanston
Northwestern University
Chornock, Ryan
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Laskar, Tanmoy
Netherlands, Nijmegen
Radboud Universiteit
Margutti, Raffaella
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Metzger, Brian D.
United States, New York
Columbia University
United States, New York
Simons Foundation
Bietenholz, Michael F.
Canada, Toronto
York University
Brethauer, Daniel
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Wieringa, Mark H.
Australia, Canberra
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Statistics
Citations: 19
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.3847/1538-4357/ac88d0
ISSN:
0004637X
Research Areas
Environmental