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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acetyl transferase gene ATF1 is a target of the cAMP/PKA and FGM nutrient-signalling pathways
FEMS Yeast Research, Volume 4, No. 3, Year 2003
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Description
The ATF1-encoded Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast alcohol acetyl transferase I is responsible for the formation of several different volatile acetate esters during fermentations. A number of these volatile esters, e.g. ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, are amongst the most important aroma compounds in fermented beverages such as beer and wine. Manipulation of the expression levels of ATF1 in brewing yeast strains has a significant effect on the ester profile of beer. Northern blot analysis of ATF1 and its closely related homologue, Lg-ATF1, showed that these genes were rapidly induced by the addition of glucose to anaerobically grown carbon-starved cells. This induction was abolished in a protein kinase A (PKA)-attenuated strain, while a PKA-overactive strain showed stronger ATF1 expression, indicating that the Ras/cAMP/PKA signalling pathway is involved in this glucose induction. Furthermore, nitrogen was needed in the growth medium in order to maintain ATF1 expression. Long-term activation of ATF1 could also be obtained by the addition of the non-metabolisable amino acid homologue β-L-alanine, showing that the effect of the nitrogen source did not depend on its metabolism. In addition to nutrient regulation, ATF1 and Lg-ATF1 expression levels were also affected by heat and ethanol stress. These findings help in the understanding of the effect of medium composition on volatile ester synthesis in industrial fermentations. In addition, the complex regulation provides new insights into the physiological role of Atf1p in yeast. © 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Verstrepen, Kevin J.
Belgium, Leuven
Ku Leuven
Belgium, Brussels
Research Foundation - Flanders
Dufour, Jean Pierre
New Zealand, Dunedin
University of Otago
Winderickx, Joris
Belgium, Leuven
Ku Leuven
Pretorius, Isak S.
Australia, Adelaide
Australian Wine Research Institute
Thevelein, Johan M.
Belgium, Leuven
Ku Leuven
Statistics
Citations: 81
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00166-1
ISSN:
15671356
Research Areas
Environmental
Genetics And Genomics
Substance Abuse