Cover crops of oats, stooling rye and three annual ryegrass cultivars influence maize and Cyperus esculentus growth

No information is available on the effect of cover crops on weed growth in maize production in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In a field experiment, the influence of two preceding cover crops, stooling rye and annual ryegrass, on the growth of maize and the weed Cyperus esculentus were compared with herbicides and weed control by hoeing. Maize emergence and early growth were delayed in the presence of physical residues of both cover crop species, especially annual ryegrass. Growth of C. esculentus was significantly inhibited in the inter-row maize planting lines by the cover crops for the first 16days after maize emergence, but this effect had diminished by day 28. In a pot experiment, the influence of the same two cover crops on maize and C. esculentus growth was evaluated together with oats and two additional annual ryegrass cultivars. Here, the growth of maize and C. esculentus were suppressed, especially by the root residues of the annual ryegrass, in particular the cultivar Midmar. Chemical analysis of the leachate of the root residues indicated the presence of phenolic acids and benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one. To achieve effective weed control, a weed management strategy combining the mulch retained on the soil surface, with a possible reduction in the type and amount of herbicide, should be implemented. © 2012 The Authors. Weed Research © 2012 European Weed Research Society.