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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Combined iron and folic acid supplementation with or without zinc reduces time to walking unassisted among Zanzibari infants 5- to 11-mo old
Journal of Nutrition, Volume 136, No. 9, Year 2006
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Description
Iron and zinc deficiencies have been associated with delayed motor development in nutritionally at-risk children, albeit inconsistently. In this community-based, randomized double-blind trial, iron+folic acid (FeFA) (12.5 mg Fe + 50 μg folic acid), zinc (Zn) (10 mg), and iron+folic acid+zinc (FeFA+Zn) supplements or a placebo were given daily for 1 y to nutritionally at-risk children in Pemba, Zanzibar. The effects of these treatments on attaining unassisted walking were evaluated using survival analysis for 354 children aged 5-11 mo at the start of supplementation. Treatment effects on changes in hemoglobin (Hb) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) Z scores were evaluated using linear regression. Attained motor milestone was recorded every 2 wk for 1 y. Hb, ZPP, HAZ, and WAZ were measured at baseline and after 6 mo of treatment. FeFA with or without Zn reduced the time it took for children to walk assisted. Children who received any iron walked unassisted sooner than those who received no iron [median difference ∼15 d, P = 0.035, risk ratio (RR) = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.61] and this effect was stronger in those who had iron deficiency anemia (IDA) at baseline (median difference was ∼30 d; P = 0.002; RR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.21, 2.32). FeFA alone and Zn alone improved Hb and ZPP compared with placebo. There were no significant treatment effects on changes in HAZ or WAZ. The effects of treatment on time to walking may have been mediated by improvements in iron status or hemoglobin, but were not mediated through improvements in growth. © 2006 American Society for Nutrition.
Authors & Co-Authors
Olney, Deanna K.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Pollitt, Ernesto
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Kariger, Patricia K.
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University
Khalfan, Sabra S.
Tanzania, Zanzibar City
Public Health Laboratory-ivo de Carneri
Ali, Nadra S.
Tanzania, Zanzibar City
Public Health Laboratory-ivo de Carneri
Tielsch, James M.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Sazawal, Sunil
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Black, Robert E.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Allen, Lindsay Helen
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
United States, Washington, D.c.
United States Department of Agriculture
Stoltzfus, Rebecca Joyce
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University
Statistics
Citations: 90
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/jn/136.9.2427
ISSN:
00223166
Research Areas
Disability
Food Security
Maternal And Child Health