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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
Climatic stability and geological history shape global centers of neo- and paleoendemism in seed plants
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 120, No. 30, Article e2300981120, Year 2023
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Description
Assessing the distribution of geographically restricted and evolutionarily unique species and their underlying drivers is key to understanding biogeographical processes and critical for global conservation prioritization. Here, we quantified the geographic distribution and drivers of phylogenetic endemism for ~320,000 seed plants worldwide and identified centers and drivers of evolutionarily young (neoendemism) and evolutionarily old endemism (paleoendemism). Tropical and subtropical islands as well as tropical mountain regions displayed the world’s highest phylogenetic endemism. Most tropical rainforest regions emerged as centers of paleoendemism, while most Mediterranean-climate regions showed high neoendemism. Centers where high neo- and paleoendemism coincide emerged on some oceanic and continental fragment islands, in Mediterranean-climate regions and parts of the Irano-Turanian floristic region. Global variation in phylogenetic endemism was well explained by a combination of past and present environmental factors (79.8 to 87.7% of variance explained) and most strongly related to environmental heterogeneity. Also, warm and wet climates, geographic isolation, and long-term climatic stability emerged as key drivers of phylogenetic endemism. Neo- and paleoendemism were jointly explained by climatic and geological history. Long-term climatic stability promoted the persistence of paleoendemics, while the isolation of oceanic islands and their unique geological histories promoted neoendemism. Mountainous regions promoted both neo- and paleoendemism, reflecting both diversification and persistence over time. Our study provides insights into the evolutionary underpinnings of biogeographical patterns in seed plants and identifies the areas on Earth with the highest evolutionary and biogeographical uniqueness—key information for setting global conservation priorities. Copyright © 2023 the Author(s).
Authors & Co-Authors
Kreft, Holger
Germany, Gottingen
Georg-august-universität Göttingen
Taylor, Amanda
Germany, Gottingen
Georg-august-universität Göttingen
Schrader, Julian
Germany, Gottingen
Georg-august-universität Göttingen
Australia, Sydney
Macquarie University
Dawson, Wayne
United Kingdom, Durham
Durham University
Essl, Franz
Austria, Vienna
Universität Wien
van Kleunen, Mark
Germany, Konstanz
Universität Konstanz
China, Linhai
Taizhou University
Pergl, Jan
Czech Republic, Prague
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Pyšek, Petr
Czech Republic, Prague
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic, Prague
Charles University
Winter, Marten
Germany, Leipzig
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Idiv Halle-jena-leipzig
Weigelt, Patrick
Germany, Gottingen
Georg-august-universität Göttingen
Statistics
Citations: 3
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1073/pnas.2300981120
ISSN:
00278424
Research Areas
Environmental
Genetics And Genomics