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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
World allergy organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis
World Allergy Organization Journal, Volume 4, No. 2, Year 2011
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Description
The illustrated World Allergy Organization (WAO) Anaphylaxis Guidelines were created in response to absence of global guidelines for anaphylaxis. Uniquely, before they were developed, lack of worldwide availability of essentials for the diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis was documented. They incorporate contributions from more than 100 allergy/immunology specialists on 6 continents. Recommendations are based on the best evidence available, supported by references published to the end of December 2010. The Guidelines review patient risk factors for severe or fatal anaphylaxis, co-factors that amplify anaphylaxis, and anaphylaxis in vulnerable patients, including pregnant women, infants, the elderly, and those with cardiovascular disease. They focus on the supreme importance of making a prompt clinical diagnosis and on the basic initial treatment that is urgently needed and should be possible even in a low resource environment. This involves having a written emergency protocol and rehearsing it regularly; then, as soon as anaphylaxis is diagnosed, promptly and simultaneously calling for help, injecting epinephrine (adrenaline) intramuscularly, and placing the patient on the back or in a position of comfort with the lower extremities elevated. When indicated, additional critically important steps include administering supplemental oxygen and maintaining the airway, establishing intravenous access and giving fluid resuscitation, and initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation with continuous chest compressions. Vital signs and cardiorespiratory status should be monitored frequently and regularly (preferably, continuously). The Guidelines briefly review management of anaphylaxis refractory to basic initial treatment. They also emphasize preparation of the patient for self-treatment of anaphylaxis recurrences in the community, confirmation of anaphylaxis triggers, and prevention of recurrences through trigger avoidance and immunomodulation. Novel strategies for dissemination and implementation are summarized. A global agenda for anaphylaxis research is proposed. © 2011 by World Allergy Organization.
Authors & Co-Authors
Simons, F. E.R.
Canada, Winnipeg
University of Manitoba
Ardusso, Ledit R.F.
Argentina, Rosario
Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas
Bilõ, Maria Beatrice
Italy, Ancona
Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona
El Gamal, Y.
Egypt, Cairo
Ain Shams University
Ledford, Dennis K.
United States, Tampa
Morsani College of Medicine
Ring, Johannes
Germany, Munich
Technische Universität München
Sańchez-Borges, Mario A.
Venezuela, Caracas
Centro Medico Docente la Trinidad
Senna, Gianenrico
Italy, Verona
Verona General Hospital
Sheikh, Aziz
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Thong, Bernard Y.
Singapore, Singapore City
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
Statistics
Citations: 10
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 10
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/WOX.0b013e318211496c
ISSN:
19394551
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Noncommunicable Diseases
Participants Gender
Female