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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Multiple Insecticide Resistance: An Impediment to Insecticide-Based Malaria Vector Control Program
PLoS ONE, Volume 6, No. 1, Article e16066, Year 2011
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Description
Background: Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are key components in malaria prevention and control strategy. However, the development of resistance by mosquitoes to insecticides recommended for IRS and/or ITNs/LLINs would affect insecticide-based malaria vector control. We assessed the susceptibility levels of Anopheles arabiensis to insecticides used in malaria control, characterized basic mechanisms underlying resistance, and evaluated the role of public health use of insecticides in resistance selection. Methodology/Principal findings: Susceptibility status of An. arabiensis was assessed using WHO bioassay tests to DDT, permethrin, deltamethrin, malathion and propoxur in Ethiopia from August to September 2009. Mosquito specimens were screened for knockdown resistance (kdr) and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1R) mutations using AS-PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively. DDT residues level in soil from human dwellings and the surrounding environment were determined by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector. An. arabiensis was resistant to DDT, permethrin, deltamethrin and malathion, but susceptible to propoxur. The West African kdr allele was found in 280 specimens out of 284 with a frequency ranged from 95% to 100%. Ace-1R mutation was not detected in all specimens scored for the allele. Moreover, DDT residues were found in soil samples from human dwellings but not in the surrounding environment. Conclusion: The observed multiple-resistance coupled with the occurrence of high kdr frequency in populations of An. arabiensis could profoundly affect the malaria vector control programme in Ethiopia. This needs an urgent call for implementing rational resistance management strategies and integrated vector control intervention. © 2011 Yewhalaw et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Authors & Co-Authors
Yewhalaw, Delenasaw
Ethiopia, Jimma
Jimma University
Wassie, Fantahun
Ethiopia, Jimma
Jimma University
Steurbaut, Walter
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Spanoghe, Pieter
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Van Bortel, Wim
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Denis, Leen
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Tessema, Dejene A.
Ethiopia, Jimma
Jimma University
Kifle, Yehenew G.
Ethiopia, Jimma
Jimma University
Coosemans, Marc H.
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Duchateau, Luc
Belgium, Ghent
Universiteit Gent
Speybroeck, Niko
Belgium, Louvain-la-neuve
Université Catholique de Louvain
Statistics
Citations: 155
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0016066
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Cancer
Genetics And Genomics
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Study Locations
Ethiopia